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Horizontally Layered Rocks Formation
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Horizontally Layered Rocks Formation

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of canyon landscapes?

  • Volcanic activity resulting in lava floods
  • Erosion of horizontal layers at different rates (correct)
  • Weathering of rocks due to temperature fluctuations
  • Tectonic plate movement causing the land to uplift
  • What is the purpose of damming canyons?

  • To generate hydro-electric power (correct)
  • To study geological formations
  • To support agricultural activities
  • To create scenic tourist attractions
  • What type of rock protects the plateau in Karoo landscapes?

  • Basalt
  • Dolerite (correct)
  • Granite
  • Sandstone
  • What is the characteristic feature of rugged cliffs in canyon landscapes?

    <p>Steep cliffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the popular tourist destination in South Africa known for its canyon landscape?

    <p>The Drakensberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the remaining flat area of land in Karoo landscapes?

    <p>Plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the landscape of hilly areas in humid regions?

    <p>Amount of rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process in which a thin, mobile sheet of water flows over the surface of a hill-slope?

    <p>Sheet wash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, and is formed by extreme erosion of softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils?

    <p>Badlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are horizontally layered rocks formed?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of hilly landscapes in dry/arid areas?

    <p>Rugged and steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is built up over millions of years by lava pouring out of long narrow cracks in the ground?

    <p>Basaltic Plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Horizontally Layered Rocks

    • Form where layers of rocks are flat lying, resulting from sediments deposited by wind and water
    • Sediments are turned into rocks over millions of years as more layers are deposited
    • Formed when:
      • Horizontal sedimentary rocks are uplifted without changing position
      • Lava flows on the surface cool, forming layers of igneous rocks
      • A sill (igneous intrusion) is exposed to the surface

    Hilly Landscapes

    • Influenced by climate and rock resistance
    • In humid areas:
      • Large amount of rainfall leads to erosion through sheet wash
      • Smooth and rounded hills form
    • In dry/arid areas:
      • Less rainfall leads to less water erosion
      • Rugged hilly landscapes with steep slopes and little rounding form
      • Can also be referred to as Badlands, characterized by steep slopes and minimal vegetation

    Basaltic Plateau

    • Formed by lava pouring out of long narrow cracks in the ground
    • Built up over millions of years, forming deposits hundreds to thousands of meters thick
    • Example: The Drakensberg, a popular tourist destination

    Canyon Landscapes

    • Develop where horizontal layers erode at different rates
    • Running water finds weak places in the hard surface layer, eroding vertically into the land
    • Form deep valleys with stepped sides and resistant rock forming steep cliffs
    • Less resistant rocks form gentler slopes
    • Example: The Grand Canyon in the USA

    Uses of Canyons

    • Can be dammed to make very deep dams, often used for hydro-electric power
    • Surrounding plateau may be too dry for agricultural value
    • Impressively scenic, making them popular tourist attractions

    Karoo Landscapes

    • Develop from canyon landscapes
    • Plateau remains the same height due to cap rock
    • Large areas are covered with horizontal layers
    • Rivers erode vertically, forming canyons with landforms like Mesas, Buttes, and Conical Hills
    • Example: The Blyde (Motlase) canyon in Mpumalanga

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    Description

    Learn about the formation of horizontally layered rocks, including the role of sediments, wind, water, and uplift. Understand how these rocks are created over millions of years.

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