Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) in Prokaryotes
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Questions and Answers

Which type of transduction involves the transfer of only genes located near the chromosomal integration site of the bacteriophage?

  • Non-specific transduction
  • Specialized transduction (correct)
  • Conjugative transduction
  • Generalized transduction
  • In bacterial transformation, what types of bacteria are known to be capable of transforming?

  • Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (correct)
  • Gram-positive bacteria only
  • Anaerobic bacteria
  • Gram-negative bacteria only
  • Which cells are able to take up naked DNA from the environment in the process of transformation?

  • Competent cells (correct)
  • Transduced cells
  • Non-competent cells
  • Conjugated cells
  • What is the main difference between generalized and specialized transduction?

    <p>The type of genes transferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cycle does specialized transduction occur?

    <p>Lysogenic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the number of genes transferred in any one phage capsid during generalized transduction?

    <p>Size of the phage head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of horizontal gene transfer involving the uptake of naked DNA from the environment?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Griffith's Transformation Experiments, what happened when the heat-killed S strain was combined with the live R strain?

    <p>The mice died</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer involves the use of a hollow tube called a conjugation pilus to transfer genes between cells?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which genes are transferred between cells by a virus (bacteriophage)?

    <p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a cell?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In specialized transduction, what type of genes are packaged into the viral capsid during the transduction process?

    <p>Only specific host genes near the site of integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results in the addition of one or more nucleotides?

    <p>Insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation involves the movement of a sequence fragment from one place to another?

    <p>Transposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of mutation results in the restoration of a mutated sequence to its original form?

    <p>Reversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in a frameshift mutation?

    <p>Shifting of the reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of the translated ORF?

    <p>Silent mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of mutation does a point mutation change an amino acid codon to a stop codon?

    <p>Nonsense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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