Hope Theory in Psychology

Questions and Answers

What is the primary basis of hope, according to the hope theory?

Goal-directed emotions

Goal-directed behavior

Goal-directed thinking (correct)

Goal-directed motivation

What type of goals are considered applicable to hope?

Easy goals only

Short-term goals only

All goals, regardless of value

Goals with considerable value to the individual (correct)

What is the purpose of agency thinking in the context of hope?

To identify pathways to desired goals

To evaluate the difficulty of goal attainment

To provide the requisite motivations to use pathways (correct)

To identify Goal-directed thinking

What is an example of a preventive goal in the context of hope?

Stopping a bad habit Signup and view all the answers

Why should we avoid characterizing extremely difficult goals as based on 'false hopes'?

Because people may still achieve them through coordinated efforts Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'domain-specific' in the context of hope?

Hope is about a particular aspect of life Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of pathways thinking in the context of hope?

Positive self-talk about finding routes to desired goals Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of positive self-talk in the context of hope?

It helps to find routes to desired goals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between high hopers and low hopers?

History of success in goal pursuits Signup and view all the answers

According to Snyder, what is the age by which the components of hopeful thought are in place?

2 years Signup and view all the answers

What type of thinking reflects the baby's increasing insights into being a casual force in cause-and-effect sequences?

Agency thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of caregivers in imparting hope, according to Snyder?

Fostering strong attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of traumatic events across childhood, according to Snyder?

Decreased hope Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of hopeful thought, according to Snyder?

Goal-directed thinking Signup and view all the answers

At what age does pathways thinking typically begin, according to Snyder?

6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between agency thinking and caregivers, according to Snyder?

Caregivers provide opportunities for agency thinking to develop Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hope Theory

Hope is defined as goal-directed thinking that involves pathways thinking (finding routes to desired goals) and agency thinking (motivation to use those routes).
Goals with considerable value to the individual are considered applicable to hope.
Goals can vary in terms of time (short-term to long-term), approach (reaching a desired goal) or prevention (stopping an undesired event), and difficulty of attainment.

Characteristics of Hope

Hope is domain-specific, meaning it is about a particular aspect of life (e.g., school, work, family, etc.).
High hopers have a positive emotional set and a sense of zest due to their history of success in goal pursuits.
Low hopers have a negative emotional set and a sense of emotional flatness due to their history of failed goal pursuits.

Strategies to Reach Goals

Pathways thinking involves producing alternate routes when original ones are blocked.
Positive self-talk about finding routes to desired goals is also a key strategy.
Agency thinking involves energetic personal self-talk statements, such as "I will keep going", to overcome impediments.

The Hope Model

The hope model consists of thoughts, emotions, and goal attainment.
High hope involves positive emotional sets, whereas low hope involves negative emotional sets.
Learning history and pre-event events can influence the development of hope.

Childhood Antecedents of Hope

Hope is learned through cognitive sets about goal-directed thinking, with no hereditary contributions.
Pathways thinking is acquired before agency thinking, with agency thinking emerging around age one year.
Strong attachment to caregivers is crucial for imparting hope, and traumatic events can affect the development of hope.

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Description

This quiz covers the Snyder hope theory, which defines hope as goal-directed thinking involving pathways and agency thinking. It explores the concepts of goal value and temporal variation.