HOPE Chapter 24 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a communicable disease?

A disease that is spread from one host to another.

What causes disease?

Pathogens (viruses, bacteria, worms, fungi), environment, genetics.

What is an infection?

Invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism.

What happens if the body is not able to fight an infection?

The body will simply get weak against diseases and any other viral or bacterial infections. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major ways diseases are spread?

Through air, touch, and sexually transmitted. Signup and view all the answers

Name 4 ways pathogens are spread by direct contact.

Droplet infection, direct contact, bodily fluids, and vectors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vector?

Any living organism that can carry a disease-producing virus. Signup and view all the answers

Name 2 sources of airborne transmission.

A sneeze or a cough. Signup and view all the answers

What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of disease?

Wash your hands. Signup and view all the answers

Name 2 ways to make sure food is handled properly.

Refrigeration and keep equipment clean. Signup and view all the answers

List 4 strategies to help reduce the risk of getting or spreading a communicable disease.

Eat a balanced diet, avoid sharing eating utensils, avoid unnecessary contact with sick people, manage stress. Signup and view all the answers

What is the immune system?

A network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

How do the 2 major defense strategies of the immune system differ?

Nonspecific defenses do not discriminate between invaders; specific defenses protect against particular invaders. Signup and view all the answers

How do active and passive immunity differ?

Active immunity is produced by the body and lasts a lifetime; passive immunity is acquired from another source and does not last long. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vaccine?

A preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced into the body to stimulate the immune system. Signup and view all the answers

What are three common respiratory infections?

Common cold, flu, pneumonia, strep throat, and tuberculosis. Signup and view all the answers

How do hepatitis A and B differ from hepatitis C?

There are vaccines for hepatitis A and B. Signup and view all the answers

What is an emerging infection?

A communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. Signup and view all the answers

Name three types of pathogens.

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and rickettsias. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communicable Diseases

Defined as diseases that can be transmitted from one host to another.

Causes of Disease

Caused by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, worms, fungi), environmental factors, and genetic predispositions.

Infection

An infection occurs when a pathogenic organism invades the body.

Impact of Infections

If the body fails to combat infections, it becomes increasingly vulnerable to diseases and other infections.

Disease Transmission Methods

Major transmission modes include through air, touch, and sexual contact.

Direct Contact Pathogen Spread

Pathogens can spread via droplet infection, direct contact, bodily fluids, and vectors.

Vectors

Vectors are living organisms that transmit disease-causing viruses.

Airborne Transmission

Common sources include sneezing and coughing.

Disease Prevention

Handwashing is the single most effective method to prevent disease spread.

Food Handling Practices

Proper food handling includes refrigeration and maintaining clean equipment.

Risk Reduction Strategies

To lower the risk of communicable diseases:
- Eat a balanced diet,
- Avoid sharing eating utensils,
- Limit contact with sick individuals,
- Manage stress effectively.

Immune System

Comprises a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that defend against pathogens.

Immune System Defense Strategies

Nonspecific defenses act against all invaders without distinction, while specific defenses target specific pathogens.

Active vs. Passive Immunity

Active immunity is developed by the body's own response and is long-lasting, whereas passive immunity is acquired through antibodies from another source and is temporary.

Vaccines

Vaccines consist of dead or weakened pathogens introduced to stimulate the immune system.

Common Respiratory Infections

Include the common cold, flu, pneumonia, strep throat, and tuberculosis.

Hepatitis Variants

Hepatitis A and B have vaccines available, unlike Hepatitis C.

Emerging Infections

Defined as communicable diseases with rising incidence rates in humans over the past two decades or those expected to increase soon.

Types of Pathogens

Include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and rickettsias.

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Description

Test your knowledge on communicable diseases with these flashcards from HOPE Chapter 24. Learn about infections, their causes, and the body's response to pathogens. Perfect for quick review and studying!