Hong Kong Story - Lecture 9
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Questions and Answers

What trend has been observed in Hong Kong’s social mobility from 1989 to 2007?

  • Absolute mobility has remained similar. (correct)
  • Overall social mobility has increased significantly.
  • Working class opportunities have flourished.
  • Social mobility has declined for the middle class.

    • What characterizes the impact of new class mobility on inequality in Hong Kong?

  • All classes have equal opportunities for improvement.
  • The top service class has experienced a rise in accessibility.
  • Stronger class inheritance effects have emerged despite mobility increases. (correct)
  • Individuals from all classes find it equal to move across boundaries.

    • According to the content, what has been a concern for young people in Hong Kong regarding job opportunities?

  • They experience fewer anxieties about job prospects.
  • They have access to better job opportunities in service industries.
  • They are fully participating in the opportunities provided by the Mainland.
  • They are unable to access emerging job markets due to their local focus. (correct)

    • The term 'global city polarization' can be related to which of the following observations?

    <p>A significant gap between high-end jobs and local service jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does recent analysis suggest regarding occupational differences in Hong Kong by 2014?

    <p>The middle class gains more than the working class in new opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have women's roles in the workforce evolved in the context of rising income inequality?

    <p>There is an increasing representation in high-level positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the shrinking working class trend indicate about the job market in Hong Kong?

    <p>The job market is increasingly competitive for the working class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the employment landscape in Hong Kong reflects the concept of class mobility?

    <p>Mobility across classes has generally improved for intermediate class individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed significantly to rising income inequality in Hong Kong from 1976 to 2011?

    <p>Technological changes requiring more human capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with the split of the middle class in Hong Kong?

    <p>Differentiation between capital-intensive and service-oriented occupations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Kuznet curve suggest about income inequality?

    <p>It initially rises and then falls as an economy develops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does women's changing roles impact labor market inequality?

    <p>Changing roles can create new forms of inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the upper space in Hong Kong considered to have expanded?

    <p>Continual economic growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between education and income inequality according to the content?

    <p>Education tiers contribute to an increasing income gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the data suggest about the Gini coefficient in Hong Kong from 1976 to 2011?

    <p>It indicates a rise in income inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has been observed regarding the correlation between husbands' and wives' incomes from 1991 to 2001?

    <p>The correlation increased from 0.333 to 0.382.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is social congestion related to upward mobility in Hong Kong?

    <p>It leads to a decrease in upward mobility opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the role of women in the workforce changed under globalization in Hong Kong?

    <p>Women have increasingly taken professional roles in response to demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'educational homogamy' refer to in the context of income inequality?

    <p>Marriage between individuals with similar educational levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Foreign Domestic Helpers (FDHs) play in the context of working wives in Hong Kong?

    <p>They assist in household tasks, allowing wives to work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the current opportunity situation for Hong Kong residents in relation to mainland China as of 2010?

    <p>Many Hong Kong residents feel that opportunities have faded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant effect of globalization on family structures in Hong Kong?

    <p>Greater polarization between high and low-income families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of wives of higher-income husbands participating in the labor market?

    <p>Outsourcing child care to manage dual responsibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'polarization of families' suggest about socioeconomic status?

    <p>A division between high-income and low-income families is increasing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hong Kong Story - Lecture 9

    • This lecture examines Hong Kong as a divided society, exploring the transition from a land of opportunity to one of inequality.
    • The lecture covers the following key topics:
      • Standard definition (SD) explanations and myths relating to the "land of opportunity" and inequality
      • High definition (HD) perspective of mobility pathways
      • HD perspective, the Middle Class debate in Hong Kong
      • HD perspective, Hong Kong as Global City and China opportunities
      • HD perspective, recent developments: The China opportunity and the University dream
      • Conclusion

    Lecture Outline

    • Topic I: Standard Definition (SD)

      • Explanations and myths of Hong Kong as a land of opportunity and inequality.

    • Topic II: High Definition (HD) (1)

      • Understanding mobility pathways in Hong Kong.

    • Topic III: HD (2)

      • The Middle Class debate in Hong Kong.

    • Topic IV: HD (3)

      • Hong Kong as a global city and China opportunities.

    • Topic V: HD (4)

      • Recent development, the China opportunity and the university dream.

    • Topic VI: Conclusion

    Additional notes

    • The Great British class calculator is discussed, which analyzes social class in the UK.

    • A case study of Li Ka-shing is considered, analyzing wealth and opportunity.

    • A major divorce case in Hong Kong ($154,000,000) is presented.

    • The lecture mentions a discussion about the Hong Kong dream and becoming middle class.

    • There is a discussion of how the middle class is described in the media, including stable income, accumulating wealth, and the hope of a better life.

    • The lecture analyses the life of the poor in Hong Kong, including living on HK$3000 a month and collecting card board.

    • The lecture discusses housing issues, specifically subdivided units.

    • The lecture investigates possible SD images of the topic, including industrialization, globalization, and the rise of social unrest, examining how these periods affect the land of opportunity ideal

    • The lecture explores the complex relationship between inequality and polarization.

    • A framework of analysis is proposed by John Goldthorpe.

    • Sociological arguments and evidence related to HK, non-structural approaches, cultural explanations are discussed, including a perception of HK society as a complex, amorphous entity.

    • A study of social mobility pathways (Wong and Lui, 1992) is analyzed, with topics of postwar periods, structural mobility, types of mobility, different dreams, and various classes

    • Employment relations affecting life chances are discussed, considering the service class, intermediate class, and working class.

    • Topics in Mobility pathways :

      • Postwar period of high mobility
      • Structural mobility vs circulation mobility
      • Reasons for mobility (education, expansion, absence of old ruling class)
      • Different dreams for diverse people
      • Various types of employment (professionals, entrepreneurs)

    • The Hong Kong Class Structure (Wong and Lui 1992) is presented, detailing seven class distinctions.

    • The lecture explains Wong and Lui's (1992) findings related to social mobility in HK (postwar period, different types of mobility, etc).

    • Sociologist's findings are analyzed, including analysis of class consciousness, factors affecting life chances (market vs. social network), and the link between class and social orientation.

    • Discussion of the global city concept, M-shaped society, and shrinking middle class.

    • Further examination of upward mobility, the China opportunity, and recent developments regarding youth and opportunities.

    • The lecture investigates the extent young people in HK are achieving China's opportunities, with consideration of age differences, and occupational differences.

    • The impact of globalization, foreign domestic helpers, and immigration policy on mobility and other aspects are investigated.

    • The lecture analyses the topic of welfare and taxes reducing inequality in HK, examining gini coefficients of different decades and countries, and their trends.

    • The lecture analyzes the concept of downward mobility.

    • Factors like education, economic structures, and social factors are investigated.

    • The lecture concludes with a review of the findings and insights.

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    Lecture 9: Hong Kong as a Divided Society - PDF

    Description

    This lecture delves into the complex social fabric of Hong Kong, analyzing its evolution from a land of opportunity to one marked by inequality. Key discussions include myths surrounding social mobility, the role of the middle class, and the city's position as a global hub amidst changing dynamics with China.

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