Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes homologous structures?
What characterizes homologous structures?
Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?
Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?
What does artificial selection primarily involve?
What does artificial selection primarily involve?
What did the observations of moths in England after industrialization demonstrate?
What did the observations of moths in England after industrialization demonstrate?
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What do biochemical similarities among different organisms suggest?
What do biochemical similarities among different organisms suggest?
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Study Notes
Homology and Analogy
- Homology: Divergent evolution, similar structures with different functions (e.g., wings of butterfly and birds)
- Analogy: Convergent evolution, similar functions with different structures (e.g., thorns and tendrils in plants)
Examples of Analogy
- Sweet potato (root modification) and potato (stem modification)
- Eyes of octopus and mammals, flippers of penguins and dolphins
Biochemical Similarities
- Similarities in proteins and genes indicate common ancestry
- These similarities can point to shared ancestry for organisms
Selective Breeding
- Humans have bred plants and animals for agriculture, horticulture, sport or security
- Domesticated many wild animals and crops
- Intensive breeding programs create diverse breeds within the same species
- Question: If humans can create new breeds in a short time, can natural selection cause similar changes over millions of years?
Moth Example
- Observation in England (before industrialization): more white-winged moths on trees than dark-winged moths
- Observation in England (after industrialization): more dark-winged moths on trees in same area
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Description
Explore the concepts of homology and analogy in evolutionary biology. Test your knowledge on divergent and convergent evolution, as well as biochemical similarities and the impact of selective breeding. This quiz aims to deepen your understanding of how these concepts relate to natural selection and adaptation.
