Questions and Answers
What is the typical normal body temperature range for humans?
36.5°C - 37.5°C
What part of the brain functions as the 'body's temperature control center'?
Hypothalamus
What kind of feedback mechanism controls human body temperature?
Negative feedback mechanism
What happens if the body temperature is outside the normal range?
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Why is it important to maintain the body's temperature within the normal range?
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What mechanism promotes heat dissipation through evaporative cooling?
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How do blood vessels in the skin respond to increased body temperature?
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What happens to heat loss mechanisms when body temperature returns to normal?
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How is body heat conserved in cold surroundings?
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What role does shivering play in heat gain?
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What hormones are involved in stimulating an increased metabolic rate for heat production?
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What part of the brain is responsible for detecting high deep body temperature?
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What two mechanisms are activated when the body’s thermostat detects a high body temperature?
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What happens to the hypothalamic thermostat signals when the body temperature returns to normal?
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How do cold receptors in the skin contribute to body temperature regulation?
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What happens when the hypothalamic thermostat detects a decrease in body temperature below the preset level?
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What is the purpose of blood vessel constriction in heat conservation?
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How does shivering contribute to increasing body temperature?
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Which two mechanisms are involved in heat conservation besides shivering?
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What detects high peripheral temperature?
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Where are temperature sensitive nerve endings that detect high deep body temperature located?
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Which part of the brain is referred to as the 'body's temperature control center'?
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What mechanism leads to dilation of blood vessels in the skin?
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How does increased sweat secretion help in temperature regulation?
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What stops when body temperature returns to the normal range due to negative feedback?
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What detects low peripheral temperature?
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Why might low deep body temperature occur?
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Study Notes
Homeostatic Regulation of Body Temperature
- Human body temperature is typically maintained at 37°C (range: 36.5°C - 37.5°C) through homeostatic control.
- Negative feedback mechanisms are used to regulate body temperature.
Body Temperature Regulation
- High peripheral temperature is detected by warm receptors in the skin.
- High deep body temperature is detected by hypothalamic temperature-sensitive nerve endings.
- Nerve impulses are sent to the "body's temperature control center" (thermostat) in the hypothalamus.
- The thermostat responds by activating heat loss mechanisms and inhibiting heat gain mechanisms to lower body temperature until the set point is reached.
Heat Loss Mechanisms
- Dilation of blood vessels in the skin:
- Fills blood capillaries with warm blood
- Radiates heat from the skin surface
- Increase sweat secretion from sweat glands:
- Promotes heat dissipation through evaporative cooling
Heat Conservation and Heat Gain Mechanisms
- Low peripheral temperature is detected by cold receptors in the skin.
- Low deep body temperature is detected by temperature-sensitive nerve endings in the hypothalamus.
- When body temperature decreases below the preset level:
- The thermostat sends impulses to activate heat gain mechanisms
- Heat loss mechanisms are inhibited
- Body temperature increases until the preset point
- Heat conservation mechanisms:
- Constriction of blood vessels in the skin:
- Diverts blood from the skin to deeper tissues
- Reduces heat loss through the skin surface
- Constriction of blood vessels in the skin:
- Heat gain mechanisms:
- Shivering: rapid repetitive contractions of skeletal muscles
- Contracting hair erector muscles
- Stimulating secretions of more thyroid hormones (e.g. thyroxin) and adrenalin into the blood:
- Increases metabolic rate and cellular metabolism (especially oxidation of fat in the liver)
- Produces more heat
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Description
Understanding how the human body maintains its temperature through homeostatic control and negative feedback mechanisms. Learn about the detection of high peripheral and deep body temperatures.
