Podcast
Questions and Answers
What triggers an increase in breathing rate during strenuous physical activity?
What triggers an increase in breathing rate during strenuous physical activity?
What primarily causes oxygen to diffuse from the alveolus into the blood?
What primarily causes oxygen to diffuse from the alveolus into the blood?
How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
During gaseous exchange at the tissues, which condition facilitates oxygen diffusion into cells?
During gaseous exchange at the tissues, which condition facilitates oxygen diffusion into cells?
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What percentage of oxygen is dissolved in blood plasma?
What percentage of oxygen is dissolved in blood plasma?
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The reaction of carbon dioxide with water in blood plasma primarily forms which substance?
The reaction of carbon dioxide with water in blood plasma primarily forms which substance?
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What happens to oxyhemoglobin when it reaches the body tissues?
What happens to oxyhemoglobin when it reaches the body tissues?
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In what form is most carbon dioxide released from the body during exhalation?
In what form is most carbon dioxide released from the body during exhalation?
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Study Notes
Homeostatic Control of Breathing
- Strenuous activity increases the body's need for energy, which in turn demands more oxygen intake and more carbon dioxide expulsion.
- The breathing rate increases and more blood flows to the lungs.
Gaseous Exchange in the Lungs
- Capillaries surround alveoli, these have a high CO₂ concentration and low oxygen concentration.
- Air in the alveoli has a high oxygen and low CO₂ concentration.
- Concentration gradient causes diffusion.
- Oxygen dissolves in moisture lining alveoli and diffuses into blood stream.
- CO₂ diffuses out of blood stream into alveoli.
- Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells (erythrocytes) forming oxyhaemoglobin.
- A small amount of oxygen dissolves in blood plasma.
Gaseous Exchange at the Tissues
- Blood in capillaries reaching tissues has high O₂ and low CO₂ concentration.
- Tissue fluid has a higher CO₂ and lower O₂ concentration.
- Concentration gradient causes diffusion.
- Oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue fluid, then into cells.
- CO₂ diffuses out of cells into tissue fluid, then into blood.
- Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and produces CO₂.
Transport of Gases by the Blood
Oxygen
- 1.5% carried dissolved in blood plasma.
- 98.5% combines with haemoglobin inside red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin.
- When it reaches the cells, oxyhaemoglobin dissociates into oxygen and haemoglobin.
Carbon Dioxide
- 7% transported dissolved in blood plasma.
- 23% combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin.
- 70% transported as bicarbonate ions.
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Description
Explore the mechanisms of breathing regulation and gaseous exchange in the lungs and tissues. Understand how oxygen is delivered to and carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream through diffusion processes. This quiz covers essential concepts of respiratory physiology.
