Gaseous Exchange and Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the air passageway?

  • To facilitate food digestion.
  • To produce vocal sounds.
  • To allow air to exit the lungs.
  • To filter, moisten, and warm incoming air. (correct)

    • What structure guards the glottis?

  • Pharynx
  • Nasal cavity
  • Epiglottis (correct)
  • Trachea

    • Which of the following statements is true about the airway leading to the lungs?

  • The pharynx is a muscular passage common to both food and air. (correct)
  • The nasal cavity does not play a role in air temperature regulation.
  • The larynx is primarily responsible for filtering air.
  • The trachea is located behind the oesophagus.

    • What prevents the trachea from collapsing when there is no air inside?

    <p>C-shaped cartilaginous rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system connects the pharynx and the trachea?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of guard cells contribute to their function?

    <p>They control the opening and closing of stomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the trachea in humans?

    <p>About 12 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the air passageway is lined with fine hairs and mucous?

    <p>Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood during exercise?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the respiratory center increase the breathing rate during exercise?

    <p>To remove excess carbon dioxide and increase oxygen intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After which type of exercise is it expected that the breathing rate will show the most increase?

    <p>After hard exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety consideration is mentioned regarding the exercises conducted in groups?

    <p>Students with physical/health problems should not participate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What apparatus is used to measure lung capacity?

    <p>Plastic bottle, water tub, rubber tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the practical work to find out how much air a person can take into their lungs?

    <p>Graduate the plastic bottle externally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the experiment on breathing rate, what is compared after different types of exercises?

    <p>Breathing rate at rest and after exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should students with asthma do before participating in the exercise?

    <p>Use their inhalers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of emphysema?

    <p>Destruction of alveoli walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Dusky skin color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pneumonia?

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about asthma is true?

    <p>It results from airway inflammation and mucus production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence occurs when the lungs are unable to return to their original shape in emphysema?

    <p>Air becomes trapped in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly employed for bacterial pneumonia?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is chronic bronchitis most commonly diagnosed?

    <p>45 years of age or older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following allergens can trigger an asthma attack?

    <p>Dust and smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures divide the trachea into smaller tubes?

    <p>Bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the vocal cords in human speech?

    <p>They produce vibrations to create sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of bronchioles change as they narrow?

    <p>They lose cartilage in their walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for moisture and trapping foreign particles in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Glandular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pulmonary vein in the respiratory system?

    <p>To carry oxygenated blood back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature differentiates the left lung from the right lung?

    <p>The size and number of lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cilia lining the trachea and bronchi?

    <p>To move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oxygen is present in inspired air?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has a significantly higher concentration in expired air compared to inspired air?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the balloons in the model when the rubber sheet is pulled down?

    <p>The balloons inflate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system in relation to breathing?

    <p>To regulate involuntary breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, how does the breathing rate typically change?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the diaphragm have during expiration in the model?

    <p>It moves back to its original position and allows air to exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the expired air compared to inspired air?

    <p>Saturated with water vapours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in the model represents the thoracic cavity?

    <p>The bell jar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of lung cancer?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with asthma?

    <p>Coughing up blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does stopping smoking affect the risk of developing lung cancer?

    <p>Decreases risk as the lungs repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about smoking-related diseases?

    <p>Lung cancer is the only disease caused by smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical is known to be a powerful poison and was formerly used as an insecticide?

    <p>Nicotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does passive smoking have on lung cancer risk?

    <p>Increases the risk of lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key goal in preventing lung cancer?

    <p>Eliminate tobacco smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the major symptoms of lung cancer?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gaseous Exchange

    • Cellular respiration is a process where C-H bonds in food are broken by oxidation-reduction reactions, transforming energy into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
    • Aerobic respiration uses oxygen for complete food oxidation, producing carbon dioxide and water.
    • Organisms obtain oxygen for cellular respiration from their environment and release carbon dioxide.
    • Gaseous exchange is the process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
    • Breathing is the mechanical process of taking air in and out of the body to obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
    • Breathing and respiration are not the same; respiration involves both mechanical and biochemical processes.
    • Plants exchange gases through stomata in leaves and stems, and air spaces in the mesophyll.
    • Some gaseous exchange also occurs through the cuticle in young stems and leaves.
    • During the day, photosynthesis and respiration occur simultaneously in the leaf cells and utilise gases produced by each other.
    • During the night, when photosynthesis does not occur, leaves absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
    • Woody stems and mature roots have lenticels for gaseous exchange.
    • Aquatic plants exchange gases with dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in water.

    Gaseous Exchange in Plants

    • Plant cells exchange gases directly with their surroundings.
    • Stomata are pores on leaves and young stems used for gas exchange.
    • The inner cells of leaves and stems contain air spaces to facilitate gas exchange.
    • The cuticle, an outer protective layer, allows some gas exchange in young stems and leaves.

    Analyzing and Interpreting

    • Lenticels are pores in bark that allow air to pass into woody stems and mature roots.
    • Gases diffuse in and out of the surface of young roots into the surrounding soil.
    • Aquatic plants absorb dissolved oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide into the water.

    Gaseous Exchange in Humans

    • Gaseous exchange in humans occurs through the respiratory system, which comprises the air passageway and the lungs.
    • The nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens inhaled air.
    • The pharynx is a common passageway for air and food.
    • The larynx (voice box) contains vocal cords for sound production.
    • The trachea (windpipe) is a tube with cartilage rings to prevent collapsing.
    • The bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles leading to alveoli.
    • Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
    • The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
    • The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
    • Breathing involves inhalation (taking air in) and exhalation (expelling air out).
    • The diaphragm and rib muscles control breathing,
    • Inhalation increases the volume of the chest cavity, reducing pressure within the lungs, causing air to rush in.
    • Exhalation reverses this process, decreasing lung volume and increasing pressure, forcing air out.
    • The respiratory center in the brain controls breathing rate, responding to carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

    Practical Work

    • Investigate the effect of light on the net gaseous exchange from leaves by observing stomata opening and closing.
    • Observe how many stomata are open under the microscope.
    • Different steps are provided for experimentation to see how the stomata work in the day and at night.
    • Investigating the breathing rate at rest and after exercise.

    Respiratory Disorders

    • Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchi or bronchioles. It causes excessive mucus production, swelling of tubular walls and narrowing of tubes.
    • Emphysema: destruction of alveoli walls, leading to larger sacs with less surface area for gas exchange.
    • Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs causing fluid build up.

    Bad Effects of Smoking

    • Smoking contains harmful chemicals, including at least 50 carcinogens (cancer-causing agents).
    • Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer and other life-threatening diseases.
    • Nicotine, a potent poison in tobacco smoke, reaches the bloodstream damaging arteries.
    • Smoking decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin and increases the production of blood platelets.

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    Gaseous Exchange Biology Chapter 10 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of gaseous exchange and cellular respiration. Understand the processes of aerobic respiration, the role of breathing, and how different organisms exchange gases in their environment. Explore the importance of stomata in plants and the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.

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