5 Questions
What is the normal range for body temperature in Fahrenheit?
97-99°F
Which gland is responsible for controlling calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid gland
What is the role of osmoreceptors in the body?
Monitoring blood osmolarity
What is the effector for water balance and blood osmolarity regulation?
Sweat glands
How does the body respond to low body temperature?
Muscles shiver and sweat glands are activated
Study Notes
Blood pH Homeostasis
- Normal blood pH range: 7.34 to 7.45
- Chemosensors in carotid bodies and aortic bodies detect changes in blood pH
- Information from sensors is sent to the medulla oblongata in the brain stem via cranial nerves (vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves)
- The medulla oblongata acts as the control center, processing pH information and sending signals to effectors
- Signals from the brain stem are sent to the diaphragm and respiratory muscles via the phrenic nerve to adjust breathing rate and depth
Blood Pressure Homeostasis
- Normal mean arterial pressure (MAP) range: 70 to 100 mmHg, with an average of 93 mmHg
- Baroreceptors in carotid sinus and aortic arch detect changes in blood pressure
- Information from sensors is sent to the cardio regulatory center in the medulla oblongata via the vagus nerve
- The cardio regulatory center acts as the control center, processing blood pressure information and sending signals to effectors
- Signals from the brain stem are sent either via sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves to the heart and blood vessels to adjust heart rate, contractility, and blood vessel diameter
Blood Calcium Homeostasis
- Normal blood calcium (Ca++) range: 4.3–5.5 mmol/L
- Sensors and control centers for blood calcium homeostasis are not specified in the text, but are important for maintaining proper calcium levels
Test your knowledge of the variables involved in maintaining homeostasis of blood pH in the human body. This quiz covers the normal range, sensors, control center, and the signaling process to the effector.
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