Homeostasis and Anatomical Terms Quiz

The study of the body's structure.

The study of how the body's parts work and interact.

The standard reference point for describing the human body. The subject stands erect, facing the observer, with arms at their sides, palms forward, and feet flat.

Includes the core of the body, excluding limbs: head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, groin, and the back of the neck.

Includes the upper and lower appendages: arms and legs.

Toward the front of the body, like the belly.

Toward the back of the body, like the spine.

Toward the head or upper end of the body.

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment, despite external changes.

The average acceptable value for a variable in the body.

A sensor that monitors and detects changes in the internal environment.

The control center receives information from the sensor, processes it, and sends instructions to the effector.

A target cell, tissue, or organ that carries out the instructions from the control center.

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

A sagittal plane that runs down the midline of the body and divides it into equal left and right portions.

A sagittal plane that is located off the midline of the body, dividing it into unequal left and right portions.

The process of breaking down food into absorbable nutrients and eliminating waste.

The system that transports gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), nutrients, hormones, and waste throughout the body.

The system that regulates metabolism, growth, and reproduction through the production and use of hormones.

Large molecules constructed from many smaller molecules.

The process of building a polymer by linking together smaller molecules.

Breaking down organic molecules by adding water.

Building organic molecules by removing water.

A simple sugar with an unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms.

Two or more monosaccharides linked together.

A complex carbohydrate formed from many monosaccharides.

Long-term energy storage in the body.

The cranial cavity encloses the brain, while the vertebral cavity houses the spinal cord. Both are part of the dorsal cavity.

The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs. It's subdivided into the pericardial cavity (for the heart), two pleural cavities (for each lung), and the mediastinum.

The abdominopelvic cavity includes the abdominal and pelvic organs. The abdominal cavity houses the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver. The pelvic cavity houses the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.

The diaphragm is a muscular sheet that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

Serous membranes are two-layered, fluid-filled tissues that line body cavities and cover organs. They provide lubrication and reduce friction between surfaces.

The abdominopelvic region is divided into four quadrants (right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower) or nine regions for precise anatomical referencing.

Body planes are imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body into sections for anatomical reference. These planes are used to describe anatomical locations and orientations.

A plane is a reference axis. Three planes are needed to describe any 3D object. The three planes are frontal, sagittal, and transverse.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded helix molecule that contains genetic information in the form of base pairs (Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine).

Ribonucleic acid, a single-stranded molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. It carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are made.

A type of RNA that transports amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

A type of RNA that is a major component of ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.

The building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different types of amino acids, each with a unique side chain.

Proteins that contain all the essential amino acids needed by the body. Usually found in animal-based foods.

Proteins that lack one or more essential amino acids. Usually found in plant-based foods.

Internal balance maintained by all organ systems, keeping internal environment stable.

The average acceptable value for a variable in the body.

Monitors and detects changes in the internal environment, sending information to the Control Center.

Receives information from the Sensor, determines the appropriate response, and sends instructions to the Target.

Carries out instructions from the Control Center to restore balance to the body.

The study of the structure of the human body. Think of it like the blueprint of the body.

The study of how the body functions and works. It's about the 'machinery' of the body.

A standard reference point for describing the human body. Imagine a person standing upright with arms at their sides, palms facing forward, and feet flat.

Represents the core of the body, including the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, groin, and back of the neck. Think of it as the central axis.

Includes the upper and lower limbs - arms and legs. Think of them as the appendages attached to the body's core.

Towards the front of the body. Think of it as the direction of your belly.

Towards the back of the body. Think of it as the direction of your spine.

Towards the head or the upper end of the body. Think of it as the opposite direction from your feet.

Positively charged ions formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Substances that form ions when dissolved in water.

A strong bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally, creating a slightly positive and negative end of the molecule.

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally, resulting in a balanced molecule.

A weak attraction between oppositely charged parts of molecules.

A homogenous mixture where components are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. Examples include the digestive system, nervous system, and cardiovascular system.

The outermost layer of the body, composed of skin, hair, and nails. It protects the body, regulates temperature, and synthesizes vitamin D.

A system of bones that provides structural support, protects internal organs, allows for movement, and plays a role in blood formation and calcium storage.

A system of muscles that provides movement, maintains posture, and produces heat. It works in conjunction with the skeletal system to allow for movement.

A type of lipid that is a long hydrocarbon chain attached to a carboxylic acid group. They are the building blocks of fats and oils.

The term "pH" refers to the measurement of hydrogen ions (H+) concentration in a solution. It essentially indicates the acidity or basicity of that solution.

Acids have a pH range from 0 to less than 7, meaning they have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).

Bases, on the other hand, have a pH greater than 7 and a lower concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). They are generally bitter tasting.

A buffer solution is designed to resist significant pH changes when faced with the addition of either an acid or a base. It maintains a relatively stable pH environment.

Carbon is the foundational atom for all life forms. Its unique ability to form four bonds with other atoms makes it essential for creating complex molecules.

Functional groups are specific structures within molecules that give them unique properties. They determine how a molecule behaves and participates in chemical reactions.

Organic Biological Macromolecules are large complex molecules produced by living organisms. These include essential components like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Monomers are small building block molecules that can exist independently or link together to form polymers. They are the basic units.