Homeostasis and Anatomical Terms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of homeostasis?

  • To facilitate communication between organ systems
  • To enhance external stimuli response
  • To promote cellular growth and reproduction
  • To keep the internal environment constant and stable (correct)
  • Feedback mechanisms only function to enhance the original stimulus.

    False

    What is the role of the control center in a homeostasis mechanism?

    Determines the set point and constructs a meaningful response.

    The _____ monitors and detects changes in the environment.

    <p>sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of feedback mechanisms with their functions:

    <p>Sensor = Monitors changes in the environment Control center = Processes information and determines responses Target = Carries out instructions from the control center Negative feedback = Reduces the original stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the core of the body, excluding the appendages?

    <p>Axial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'ventral' refers to the back side of the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main functions of body cavities?

    <p>Protect vital internal organs and allow for changes in shape and size of organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anatomical position requires the subject to stand _____ with arms at the sides.

    <p>erect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following directional terms with their meanings:

    <p>Superior = Above Inferior = Below Medial = Toward the median plane Lateral = Away from the median plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directional term indicates a position closer to the point of attachment?

    <p>Proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ipsilateral means being on opposite sides of the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the front or belly side of the body?

    <p>Ventral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of carbohydrate?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dehydration synthesis is the process of breaking down molecules by adding water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the monomers of lipids?

    <p>Fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of carbohydrates is as a source of _____.

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following carbohydrates with their types:

    <p>Glucose = Monosaccharide Sucrose = Disaccharide Starch = Polysaccharide Lactose = Disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is hydrolysis?

    <p>Breaking down molecules by adding water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that can be easily digested by humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA is true?

    <p>DNA forms a double helix structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA forms a double helix structure similar to DNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one common disaccharide.

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

    <p>Protects the body and regulates temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The transverse plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of amino acids based on their necessity to the body?

    <p>Essential and Non-essential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plane runs perfectly down the midline of the body?

    <p>Midsagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sequence of many amino acids linked together is called a ______.

    <p>polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which base pairs are found in RNA?

    <p>A-U and G-C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ system is responsible for transporting gases, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.

    <p>Cardiovascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of RNA to its main function.

    <p>mRNA = Transfers gene code out of the nucleus tRNA = Transports amino acids rRNA = Builds proteins from amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organ systems with their primary functions:

    <p>Nervous system = Controls other systems and processes sensory information Skeletal system = Provides structural support and protects internal organs Digestive system = Breaks down food to absorb nutrients Endocrine system = Regulates metabolism and growth through hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system plays a major role in blood formation?

    <p>Skeletal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complete protein?

    <p>A protein that contains all essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All proteins are composed of more than 50 amino acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The respiratory system is mainly responsible for digestion and waste elimination.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ system balances fluids and plays a role in immunity.

    <p>Lymphatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity contains the heart and lungs?

    <p>Thoracic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the cranial cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area in the middle of the thorax that contains the heart is called the ______.

    <p>mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body cavities with their primary contents:

    <p>Cranial cavity = Brain Thoracic cavity = Heart and lungs Abdominal cavity = Stomach and intestines Pelvic cavity = Reproductive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a single layer of tissue called serous membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ region contains the urinary bladder.

    <p>pelvic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of negative feedback in homeostasis?

    <p>To shut off or counterbalance the original stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive feedback mechanisms are the most common type of feedback mechanism for homeostatic regulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sensor in a feedback mechanism?

    <p>To monitor and detect changes in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ center determines the set point for variables in homeostasis.

    <p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the component of feedback mechanisms with its function:

    <p>Sensor = Monitors environmental changes Control center = Processes and determines acceptable range Target = Receives instructions and carries out responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the muscular system?

    <p>Provides movement and maintains posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes the anatomical region of the belly?

    <p>Abdominal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sagittal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'proximal' refers to a position that is farther from the point of attachment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the organ system responsible for gas exchange.

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ system protects the body and helps regulate temperature.

    <p>Integumentary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position called when a subject stands erect with arms at their sides and palms facing forward?

    <p>anatomical position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ contains the heart and lungs.

    <p>thoracic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plane runs horizontally and separates the body into superior and inferior portions?

    <p>Transverse Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following anatomical regions with their descriptions:

    <p>Cephalic = Head Cervical = Neck Brachial = Upper arm Pelvic = Hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skeletal system plays a minor role in blood formation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following directional terms means 'toward the back or spine'?

    <p>Dorsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anatomical regions of the body are solely divided into axial and appendicular regions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the endocrine system?

    <p>Regulates metabolism, growth, and reproduction through hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term __________ indicates a position located away from the median plane.

    <p>lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons?

    <p>Ionic Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen bonds are the strongest type of chemical bond.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that gives off ions when dissolved in water?

    <p>electrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solution is a __________ mixture of two or more substances where the components cannot be distinguished visually.

    <p>homogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of chemical bonds with their characteristics:

    <p>Ionic Bond = Transfer of electrons Covalent Bond = Sharing of electrons Hydrogen Bond = Attraction between oppositely charged parts of molecules Polar Covalent Bond = Unequal sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a cation?

    <p>An ion with a positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acids donate H+ ions to solutions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one property of water that is essential for life.

    <p>cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity or ability to dissolve many substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH range indicates an alkaline solution?

    <p>7 to 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A buffer solution causes significant changes in pH when an acid or base is added.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atom is most vital for life due to its ability to form four bonds?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acids have low pH values that range from ______ to less than 7.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the biological macromolecules with their categories:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Energy storage and structural support Proteins = Enzymatic and structural functions Lipids = Long-term energy storage Nucleic acids = Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of functional groups in organic compounds?

    <p>They define the properties such as solubility and reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organic chemistry solely focuses on the study of hydrocarbons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small molecular building blocks that can link to form larger molecules called?

    <p>Monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of polysaccharide?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrolysis involves the removal of water to build organic molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of components that lipids consist of?

    <p>Fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ are simple sugars that can be linked together to form complex carbohydrates.

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

    <p>Source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dehydration synthesis involves adding water to create new bonds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    C145 - Terminology and Anatomical Positions

    • Anatomy studies body structure
    • Physiology studies how body parts interact
    • Structure and function complement one another
    • Examples include red blood cells and pectus excavatum
    • Anatomical position: Standing erect, palms forward, feet flat. Reference point for directions and regions.

    Anatomical Regions

    • Axial region: Core of the body, excluding limbs
      • Cephalic (head), Cervical (neck), Thoracic (chest), Abdominal (belly), Pelvic (hip), Pubic (groin), and Nuchal (back of neck)
    • Appendicular region: Limbs
      • Axillary (armpit), Brachial (upper arm), Antecubital (front of elbow), Antebrachial (forearm), Carpal (wrist), Palmar (palm), Pollex (thumb), Digital/Phalangeal (fingers), Femoral (thigh)

    C146 Body Cavities, Planes, and Sections

    • Body cavities protect internal organs
    • Dorsal cavity (cranial and vertebral): Houses the brain and spinal cord
    • Cranial cavity holds the brain
    • Vertebral cavity holds the spinal cord
    • Ventral Cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic): Houses digestive system, heart and lungs etc.
      • Thoracic cavity (pericardial and pleural cavities): Contains heart (pericardial), lungs (pleural), trachea, esophagus and heart
      • Abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic cavities): Contains digestive organs, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
    • Body cavities are subdivided by location of organs within
    • Serous membranes line cavities, lubricated by serous fluid
    • Four abdominopelvic quadrants: Right upper, Left upper, Right lower, Left lower
    • Nine abdominopelvic regions: Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac (inguinal), Hypogastric (pubic), Left iliac (inguinal).
    • Body planes (transverse, frontal, sagittal) divide the body.

    C147 Levels of Organization and Organ Systems

    • Levels of organization from smallest to largest: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
    • Overview of organ systems: Each has general functions
    • 11 organ systems (e.g., integumentary, skeletal, muscular).

    Homeostasis

    • Homeostasis: Maintaining constant internal environment
    • Set point: Average acceptable value for a variable
    • Components of feedback mechanisms:
      • Sensors (receptors): Monitor and detect changes
      • Control center: Determines the set point and creates a response
      • Effectors: Carry out the response
    • Negative feedback mechanisms reduce or counteract the initial stimulus
    • Positive feedback mechanisms enhance the initial stimulus.

    C148 Chemistry and Introduction - Atoms, Bonds, and Inorganic Compounds

    • Element: Simplest form of matter, unique chemical properties, Atoms: Smallest unit of an element with element properties
    • Atomic structure: Protons (+), neutrons (0), electrons (-)
    • Nucleus: Location of protons and neutrons
    • Electrons: Orbit the nucleus
    • Atomic number: Number of protons
    • Mass number: Protons + neutrons
    • Isotopes: Atoms with same number of protons, different number of neutrons
    • Ions: Atom or molecule with electrical charge due to imbalance of protons and electrons ( Cations +/ Anions -)
    • Electrolytes: Ions that dissolve in water
    • Chemical bonding involves interactions between atoms to create molecules (ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds)
    • Mixture- homogenous or hetrogenous,
    • Solutions- homogenous
      • Solute: dissolved substance
      • Solvent: dissolving substance
    • Water properties: ability to dissolve substances, cohesion (water attraction), adhesion (stick to other surfaces)
    • Salts- dissolve in water
    • Acids and bases: Substances that increase or reduce H+ concentration in a solution
    • pH: Measures H+ concentration
    • Buffers: resist drastic changes in pH

    C149 Organic Chemistry - Carbon and Functional Groups

    • Organic chemistry: Study of carbon-based molecules
    • Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds is essential for complex molecules. This gives rise to functional groups (groups within the molecule which gives the compound certain properties or ways the molecule can react) which determine properties. Examples include alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, and esters.
    • Organic molecules: Molecules produced by living organisms (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids)

    C149 - Organic Chemistry - Carbohydrates

    • Monomers: Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
    • Functions: Energy source, structural component
    • Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides joined together (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
    • Polysaccharides: Many monosaccharides linked together (starch, cellulose, glycogen).

    C149 - Organic Chemistry - Lipids

    • Monomers: Fatty acids and glycerol
    • Function: Long-term energy storage, structural component
    • Types: Saturated fatty acids (single bonds), Unsaturated fatty acids (double bonds), Triglycerides (fat molecules made up of glycerol and 3 fatty acids) and sterols (e.g. Cholesterol, hormones testosterone)
    • Lipid Properties: insoluble in water.

    C149 - Organic Chemistry - Nucleic Acids

    • Monomers: Nucleotides (composed of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar [deoxyribose or ribose], and a phosphate group)
    • Types: DNA and RNA
    • Function: Store and transmit genetic information
    • DNA structure: Double helix, A-T, G-C base pairing.
    • RNA structure: Single-stranded, A-U, G-C base pairing.

    C149 - Organic Chemistry - Proteins

    • Monomers: Amino acids (20 different types)
    • Structure: Primary (sequence), Secondary (alpha helix, beta-sheet), Tertiary (3-D folded structure), and Quaternary (multiple polypeptide chains interacting).
    • Functions: Wide range of functions including enzymatic activity, structural support, transportation, defense and movement.
    • Complete vs Incomplete proteins: Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids, while incomplete proteins do not.

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    Test your knowledge on homeostasis, feedback mechanisms, and anatomical terminology. This quiz will cover key concepts such as the functions of body cavities, directional terms, and the anatomical position. Perfect for students studying biology or healthcare.

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