78 Questions
What is the primary goal of the WMD Awareness Level Training Course?
To provide responders with baseline awareness level knowledge of weapons of mass destruction
What is the purpose of the pre-test in the WMD Awareness Level Training Course?
To measure the student's awareness level knowledge of WMD prior to the class
How many modules are in the WMD Awareness Level Training Course?
6
What is the primary focus of Module 2 of the WMD Awareness Level Training Course?
Prevention and Deterrence
What is the purpose of administering the post-test in the WMD Awareness Level Training Course?
To determine if the training enhanced the student's awareness level knowledge of WMD
What is the total duration of the AWR-160 course?
6 hours
Who developed the WMD Awareness Level Training Course?
The United States Department of Homeland Security
What is the primary objective of the WMD Awareness Level Training Course?
To provide responders with awareness level knowledge of WMD
What is the primary purpose of the pre-test?
To determine who needs to attend the course
What is the minimum score required to opt out of the course?
80%
What is the procedure for changing an answer on the ScanTron answer sheet?
Completely erase the incorrect answer and mark the new answer
What is the time limit for completing the pre-test?
30 minutes
What should students do if they have a problem or need assistance during the pre-test?
Raise their hand to get the attention of the test proctor
What should students do when they finish the pre-test?
Place their exam and ScanTron answer sheet face down on their desk
What should students do with the administrative information on the ScanTron answer sheet?
Fill it in before starting the exam
What type of pencil should students use to mark their answers on the ScanTron answer sheet?
#2 pencil
What is the purpose of the 'Test Out' option?
To exempt students from taking the course
Where should students write their name on the ScanTron answer sheet?
In the NAME section
What is the characteristic of a suspicious person at a bus or train stop?
Staying for extended periods while buses and trains come and go.
What is an example of a suspicious vehicle?
A vehicle with removable decals or altered signage.
What is an example of suspicious actions or objects?
A suspicious package abandoned in a crowded place.
Which critical infrastructure is responsible for generating and supplying electricity?
Electrical Power
What is a critical infrastructure system that transports people and goods?
Transportation Systems
What is the purpose of emergency services?
To respond to public health or safety incidents.
What is a characteristic of a suspicious person?
Staring or quickly looking away from individuals or vehicles.
What is an example of a critical infrastructure that supports monetary transactions?
Banking and Finance
What action should be taken exactly thirty minutes after the exam starts?
Instruct the students to stop writing and turn their test booklets face down
What is the primary goal of terrorism as defined in 18 U.S.C. Chapter 113B Section 2331?
To intimidate or coerce the civilian population
What is a critical infrastructure that provides water for domestic and industrial applications?
Water Supply Systems
What is an example of suspicious behavior?
Staring or quickly looking away from personnel or vehicles.
What is included in the definition of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)?
Any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas, bomb, grenade, rocket, or missile
What does the acronym CBRNE represent?
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive
What is the purpose of gathering target intelligence in terrorist planning?
To conduct reconnaissance visits or stationary surveillance of a target
What is an example of threat indicators related to the preparation of terrorist weapons?
Strong chemical smells coming from apartments or residences
What is the role of law enforcement in recognizing potential terrorist activity?
To recognize the signs of terrorist activity
What is the definition of threat indicators in the context of terrorism?
Observed behaviors, activities, and items construed as terrorist planning efforts
What is the purpose of listing the indicators of potential terrorist acts?
To recognize the signs of terrorist activity
What is the outcome of the module at the conclusion?
The individual will be able to define terrorism, list the indicators of potential terrorist acts, and list terrorist targets
What type of targets are critical to the functioning of the nation's systems?
Government operations and public health services
What is the first step in the RAIN concept during a WMD incident?
Recognition of the hazard
What is the primary way to detect hazardous materials through the sense of smell?
Through a hazardous odor
What is the primary goal of isolation during a WMD incident?
To remove people from the contaminated zone
What is the risk of inhaling hazardous materials if you are close enough to smell them?
A risk of respiratory injury
What is the recommended direction to move during an evacuation from a WMD incident site?
Upwind, uphill, and upstream
What should you do if you touch a substance that has not been identified?
Leave the area immediately
What is the purpose of shelter-in-place protection during a WMD incident?
To prevent exposure to the threat
What is an indication of a potential WMD release based on the sense of sight?
Multiple victims with the same signs and symptoms
What is the purpose of the RAIN concept?
To recognize, avoid, isolate, and notify the appropriate resources and authorities when responding to a WMD event
What is the purpose of turning off ventilation systems during shelter-in-place protection?
To prevent further exposure to the threat
What is the primary characteristic of anhydrous ammonia?
It has a very sharp, irritating, pungent odor
What is the recommended action to take when an individual determines they are in, or about to enter, a potential WMD incident site?
Immediately begin to exit the site
What is the primary route of entry for chlorine?
All of the above
What is the primary sign of exposure to hydrogen cyanide?
All of the above
What is the purpose of the RAIN concept during a WMD incident?
To facilitate life safety actions
What is an indication of a potential WMD release based on the sense of sound?
A hissing sound
What is the primary characteristic of chlorine vapor?
It is heavier than air
What is the primary hazard of anhydrous ammonia?
It can cause respiratory injury
What is the primary purpose of the RAIN concept in relation to chemical agents?
To respond to a WMD event involving chemical agents
What is the effect of excess acetylcholine in the body?
It leads to an over-stimulation of organs.
What is the primary route of entry for nerve agents?
Inhalation or absorption
What is the volatility of VX nerve agent?
Persistent
What is the primary effect of choking agents on the body?
They attack the airway and lungs causing irritation.
What is the purpose of maximizing distance from a hazardous material?
To reduce the risk of contamination
What is the volatility of phosgene and chlorine?
Nonpersistent, meaning they rapidly disperse after release.
What is the role of the warm zone in a hazardous materials incident?
Decontamination and hot zone support
What is the primary route of entry for blood agents?
Inhalation
What is the effect of mustard agent exposure on the eyes?
It leads to tearing and inflammation
What is the purpose of shielding in a hazardous materials incident?
To minimize the spread of contamination
What is the odor of hydrogen cyanide?
Bitter almonds
What is the onset of symptoms for blister agents?
Immediate
What is the characteristic of lewisite and phosgene oxime exposure?
It causes immediate pain and blistering
What is the effect of nerve agents on acetylcholinesterase?
They inhibit acetylcholinesterase
What is the primary effect of blister agents on the body?
They cause skin burns and blisters.
What is the designation of the area immediately surrounding a hazardous materials incident?
Hot zone
What is the volatility of most blister agents?
Persistent, meaning they pose a long-term threat.
What is the primary effect of phosgene on the body?
It attacks the airway and lungs causing irritation.
What is the vapor density of phosgene?
Heavier than air
What is the effect of high exposure to chemical warfare agents?
Rapid death
Study Notes
WMD Awareness Level Training
- The course goal is to provide responders with baseline awareness level knowledge of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
- The course consists of 7 modules:
- Module 0: Introduction, Administration, and Pre-Testing
- Module 1: Prevention and Deterrence
- Module 2: Chemical Agents
- Module 3: Biological Agents
- Module 4: Radiological Materials and Nuclear Weapons
- Module 5: Explosive Devices
- Module 6: Administration and Post-Testing
Prevention and Deterrence
- Terrorism is defined as activities that:
- Involve an act dangerous to human life
- Are intended to intimidate or coerce the civilian population
- Are intended to influence a government or affect a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping
- Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) are defined as:
- Explosive, incendiary, or poison gas, bomb, grenade, rocket, or mine
- Weapon that is designed or intended to cause death or serious bodily injury through the release of toxic or poisonous chemicals
- Weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life
- CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive) is used to help responders recall the types of WMD.
Recognition of Potential Terrorist Activity
- Threat indicators include:
- Gathering of target intelligence
- Acquisition of materials necessary for an attack
- Preparation of weapons
- First steps of executing an attack
- Suspicious persons or vehicles may exhibit:
- Unusual behavior
- Out-of-place attire
- Staring or quickly looking away
- Abandoned or suspicious vehicles
- Suspicious actions or objects may include:
- Unattended packages or luggage
- Chemical fires or toxic odors
- Unusual test explosions
- Purchase of facility blueprints
Potential Terrorist Targets
- Critical infrastructure and key resources include:
- Telecommunications
- Electrical Power
- Gas and Oil Production, Storage, and Delivery
- Banking and Finance
- Transportation Systems
- Water Supply Systems
- Emergency Services
- Government Operations
- Other potential targets include:
- Schools
- Sports arenas
- Malls
- Concert halls
- High-rise residences
- Office buildings
- Places of worship
RAIN Concept
- Recognition: Recognize the hazard/threat
- Avoidance: Avoid the hazard/contamination/injury
- Isolation: Isolate the hazard area
- Notification: Notify the appropriate support
General Precautions
-
Protective action: Actions taken to preserve health and safety in emergency situations
-
Evacuation: Move upwind, uphill, and upstream from the incident site
-
Isolation: Prevent everyone not directly involved in the emergency response from entering the affected area
-
Shelter-in-place: Seek shelter inside a building and remain inside until the danger passes
-
Sight: Recognize visible indicators of hazardous materials
-
Sound: Listen for unusual sounds that may indicate the presence of a hazardous material
-
Odors: Be aware of unusual odors that may indicate the presence of a hazardous material
-
Touching: Avoid touching any substance that has not been identified### Chemical Agents
-
Chemical agents can be classified into four categories: choking, blood, blister, and nerve agents.
Choking Agents
- Examples: Phosgene (CG) and Chlorine (Cl)
- Routes of entry: Inhalation
- General signs and symptoms: Primarily attack the airway and lungs, causing irritation of the entire airway from the nose to the lungs; fluid fills the lungs and pulmonary edema occurs, known as dryland drowning.
- Onset of symptoms: Usually occurs immediately.
Blood Agents
- Examples: Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) and Cyanogen Chloride (CK)
- Routes of entry: Inhalation
- General signs and symptoms: Gasping for air, frothing or vomiting, losing consciousness, and dying.
- Onset of symptoms: Occurs very rapidly, within seconds.
Blister Agents
- Examples: Mustards (H), Lewisite (L), Phosgene Oxime (CX)
- Routes of entry: Inhalation, ingestion, or absorption
- General signs and symptoms: Severe itching and blisters, tearing/inflammatory reactions, pain, extreme light sensitivity, and spasmodic winking, bloody diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and extreme weakness.
- Onset of symptoms: May not appear for hours with mustard agents, but immediate with other blister agents.
Nerve Agents
- Examples: Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), VX
- Routes of entry: Inhalation or absorption
- General signs and symptoms: Pinpointed pupils, respiratory arrest, sweating, weakness, disorientation, diarrhea, slurred speech, nausea/vomiting/drooling, trembling, paralysis, depression, abdominal pain, respiratory failure/depression, vomiting, headache, reduced vision, convulsions, general increase in secretions, tremors.
- Onset of symptoms: Occurs immediately.
Safety Precautions
- Time: Minimize the time spent in the affected area.
- Distance: Maximize the distance from the contaminated materials.
- Shielding: Use shielding to reduce/eliminate exposure.
- Isolation zones: Designate areas based on safety and degree of hazard, including hot, warm, and cold zones.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Chemical Agents for Terrorism
- Advantages: Easy to make or acquire, low cost, and simple technology required.
- Disadvantages: Not mentioned in the text.
This course provides awareness training on Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and terrorism, designed by the US Department of Homeland Security. The course aims to educate on WMD threats and response.
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