Hóa học lớp 12: Đề thi giữa học kỳ I - Đề 5

Organic compounds mostly with the general formula Cn(H2O)m, with diverse functions.

A simple sugar, one of the main components in honey

Simple sugar, essential energy source, found in many foods.

Disaccharide, common table sugar, formed from glucose and fructose.

Reactive ester, potentially harmful, with distinct odor.

Sugars undergoing reduction/oxidation reactions like the Tollens test.

Chemical test for aldehyde groups, producing a silver mirror.

Organic compound formed by the reaction of an acid and alcohol

Carbohydrate formed by joining two monosaccharides.

Simple sugar, basic unit of carbohydrates

Breakdown of carbohydrates into simpler sugars through reaction with water.

Both simple sugars, but different structures lead to different reactions (e.g., fructose doesn't react in Tollens test).

Long chains of β-glucose units linked together.

Hormone that lowers blood glucose levels.

Sucrose doesn't reduce in Tollens test, unlike glucose & fructose.

Use Tollens test to spot aldehyde groups (and related sugars) or tests like hydrolysis & Benedict's test.

Consists fundamentally of (C6H10O5)n, where ‘n’ represents the number of connected repeating glucose units.

Glucose and Fructose are simple sugars that are structurally different but both are involved in the formation of sucrose.

A solution containing 20% glucose by mass in water.

A reaction where glucose is oxidized to produce silver.

Hydrolyzing saccharose yields two different sugars.

Breaking down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars by adding water.

Cellulose consists of many beta-glucose units.

Hormone that lowers blood glucose levels.

Hydrolysis of triglycerides in the presence of a strong base (like NaOH) to produce glycerol and fatty acid salts.

A sodium salt of a long-chain fatty acid.

Phản ứng giữa triglyceride và dung dịch kiềm (NaOH) để tạo glycerol và muối của các acid béo.

Các phân tử triglyceride có cùng công thức phân tử nhưng sắp xếp khác nhau của các gốc acid béo.

Muối natri (hoặc kali) của các acid béo chuỗi dài.

Do sự có mặt của các chất có cấu trúc đầu phân cực và đuôi không phân cực, giúp chất bẩn bị kéo ra khỏi chất vải.

Xác định công thức dựa trên lượng NaOH cần để phản ứng hoàn toàn với ester.

Tính khối lượng hỗn hợp 2 muối (stearate và oleate) dựa trên lượng glycerol tạo thành và tỉ lệ mol của 2 muối.

Phản ứng phá vỡ triglyceride thành glycerol và muối của acid béo.

Phản ứng của ester với NaOH để tạo ra muối natri của acid và glycerol.

Adding saturated NaCl solution separates soap from glycerol, creating a layered separation with soap on top and NaCl/glycerol solution on bottom.

Methyl salicylate is made from salicylic acid and methanol in a chemical reaction

The chemical reaction of tripalmitin reacting with NaOH to produce glycerol and sodium palmitate (soap).

Sucrose, or table sugar, is a disaccharide that does not have a free hemiacetal –OH group & exists in a ring form. It does not reduce in the Tollens test.

Amount of salicylic acid needed, given medical production and yield.

Calculating soap mass from 100g fat and 0.32 mol KOH

Sucrose breaks down into glucose and fructose in an acid or enzyme environment.

Milligrams of KOH used to neutralize one gram of fat's free acids

Maltose, a disaccharide, still has a free hemiacetal –OH group, meaning it exists in both ring and open-chain states, being a reducing sugar.

Finding the mass of starch given a percentage.

Hydrolyzing starch (from rice) in an acid environment produces glucose. Efficiency matters.

Chemical equation for the production of methyl salicylate

Glucose converts to alcohol in a process called fermentation with specific yields depending on efficiency.

Determining the mass of methyl salicylate given production details.

The efficiency (percentage) of the fermentation process to get alcohol from a quantity of glucose.

Calculating the amount of KOH needed for complete fat saponification.