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HNR 2102 Week 9: Host Defenses and Immune System
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HNR 2102 Week 9: Host Defenses and Immune System

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the first line of defense?

  • To provide a specific response to infection
  • To block invasion at the portal of entry (correct)
  • To produce protective antibodies
  • To create memory cells

    • What type of resistance does the innate defense provide?

  • Acquired
  • Nonspecific (correct)
  • Specific
  • Adaptive

    • What occurs if infectious agents make it past the surface defenses?

  • The adaptive immune system is triggered
  • The second line of defense is activated (correct)
  • The immune system surrenders
  • The inflammatory response is suppressed

    • What is an example of a chemical barrier in the first line of defense?

    <p>Acidic pH of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of acquired immunity?

    <p>It must be acquired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?

    <p>To establish a specific immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the skin and mucous membranes in the first line of defense?

    <p>To prevent the entry of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stomach acid in the body's defense?

    <p>To kill pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysozyme?

    <p>To hydrolyze the cell wall of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the body's second and third lines of defense?

    <p>Immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the third line of defense?

    <p>To recognize specific pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sebaceous glands in the body's defense?

    <p>To produce fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Toll-like receptors in macrophages?

    <p>To recognize foreign molecules and stimulate an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased blood flow in injured tissues during the inflammatory response?

    <p>Redness and warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the complement system in the immune response?

    <p>To facilitate phagocytosis and eliminate pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the immune response during inflammation?

    <p>To contain and eliminate the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased fluid escape into the tissue during the inflammatory response?

    <p>Edema and pus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of endogenous pyrogens?

    <p>To liberate products of infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of fever in relation to microorganisms?

    <p>It inhibits the multiplication of temperature-sensitive microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of eosinophils in the body?

    <p>To be attracted to sites of parasitic infections and antigen-antibody reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do phagocytes do to foreign matter?

    <p>They ingest and eliminate the foreign matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in the body?

    <p>To scavenge and process foreign substances to prepare them for reactions with B and T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of inflammatory response?

    <p>To initiate a immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which bacterial cells are engulfed into a phagocytic vacuole?

    <p>Engulfment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bacterial cells that can induce an immune response in the host?

    <p>Immunogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome?

    <p>Phagolysosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reactive oxygen products in the killing and destruction of bacterial cells?

    <p>They help to destroy bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the molecules that react with antibodies or T cells?

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the action of enzymes such as lysozyme, DNase, and RNase?

    <p>Breakdown of bacterial cell components</p> Signup and view all the answers

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