HLTH 1020 Quiz 2 Chapters 4-7

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Questions and Answers

What is the theory behind the notion that a 500-kilocalorie daily deficit promotes weight loss of one pound of fat per week?

One pound of fat tissue has 3,500 kilocalories; 3,500 kilocalories divided by 7 days in a week means 500 kilocalories less per day will help him lose one pound of fat per week.

The most reliable approach to weight loss includes all of the following EXCEPT?

Behavioral changes

Regular exercise

Balanced diet

Increased dietary supplement use (correct)

Why is upper-body or android obesity more dangerous than lower-body or gynoid obesity?

Fat from abdominal fat cells goes directly to the liver; this disrupts the liver's ability to use insulin and increases hepatic production of lipoproteins.

What is Lawrence's percent body fat based on underwater weighing if his body density is 1.03 grams per cm³?

31% Signup and view all the answers

When does weight gain occur?

Weight gain occurs when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure. Signup and view all the answers

An underweight woman may experience all of the following EXCEPT?

Increased frequency of menstrual cycles Signup and view all the answers

All statements about the role of protein in the body are correct EXCEPT?

Protein is the only macronutrient that is not energy yielding Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components to their roles in fat digestion anatomy:

Mouth = Minor fat digestion by salivary lipase Stomach = Minor fat digestion by gastric lipase Small Intestine = Site of most fat digestion and absorption Liver = Secretes bile to emulsify fats Pancreas = Secretes pancreatic lipase and other enzymes for fat digestion Signup and view all the answers

Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order.

<ol> <li>The code for DNA needed for synthesis of a specific protein is transferred by mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. mRNA travels to the ribosomes where the mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein. 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain. 4. Polypeptide chain twists and folds into a three-dimensional structure of the intended protein.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about 'cholesterol-free' vegetable oil is correct?

All vegetable oil is cholesterol-free because cholesterol is only found in animal foods. Signup and view all the answers

What foods have naturally-occurring trans fatty acids?

Beef Signup and view all the answers

What happens to protein synthesis when an essential amino acid is in short supply?

Protein synthesis is limited. Signup and view all the answers

When a person eats more protein than his body needs, what happens to the extra protein?

The extra protein is converted to glucose or fat. Signup and view all the answers

How is nitrogen eliminated from the body when protein is converted to glucose or fat?

Through the kidneys. Signup and view all the answers

What is the RDA for protein?

0.8 g/kg of body weight. Signup and view all the answers

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a method of comparing what?

Height and weight. Signup and view all the answers

A person with a BMI of 20 would be considered?

Healthy weight. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct classification for a person with a BMI of 17?

Underweight. Signup and view all the answers

How can the nutritional value of food be measured?

Using a calorimeter to measure free energy content. Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of heat necessary to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius?

1 kcal. Signup and view all the answers

A 150-pound person who does 30 minutes of running uses approximately how many kcals?

238 kcals. Signup and view all the answers

During which activity would a person use the least number of activity calories?

Jogging on a mini-trampoline Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the protein when an egg is fried?

The protein is denatured. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds link individual amino acids together?

Peptide bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What is generally oriented to the interior of the protein molecule?

Hydrophobic portions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver regarding lipids?

Secretes bile to emulsify fats. Signup and view all the answers

What is the RDA for carbohydrate for children aged 1-3 and adults?

130 grams. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four primary categories of energy expenditure?

Basal Metabolism, Physical Activity, Thermic Effect of Food, Thermogenesis. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Weight Loss Fundamentals

A daily deficit of 500 kilocalories leads to a weight loss of approximately one pound of fat per week, as one pound of fat is roughly equivalent to 3,500 kilocalories.
Successful weight loss requires hard work and commitment, and does not rely on dietary supplements.

Body Composition and Obesity

Upper-body obesity (android obesity) is more dangerous than lower-body obesity (gynoid obesity) due to the direct impact of abdominal fat on liver function, increasing risks related to insulin resistance.
Determining body fat percentage can be accomplished through underwater weighing, which has Lawrence at 31% body fat.

Energy Imbalance

Weight gain occurs when caloric intake surpasses energy expenditure.
Underweight individuals may face complications similar to those who are overweight, such as irregular menstrual cycles.

Protein and Amino Acids

Protein functions in the body include energy yielding, contrary to the misconception that protein is non-energy yielding.
Naturally occurring trans fatty acids can be found in beef, milk, and butter, while animal protein contains an ideal balance of essential amino acids.
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 g/kg of body weight.

Nutritional Dynamics

When more protein is consumed than needed, the excess is converted to glucose or fat, and nitrogen is eliminated through the kidneys.
Protein synthesis is dependent on the availability of essential amino acids; scarcity limits synthesis.

Digestion and Metabolism

Fat digestion occurs primarily in the small intestine with enzymes like lipase breaking down triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
The caloric value of food can be determined by burning it in a calorimeter, with the heat needed to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius noted as 1 kcal.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI provides a quick, inexpensive screening method for weight status by comparing height and weight.
A BMI of 20 indicates a healthy weight, while a BMI of 17 classifies as underweight.

Energy Expenditure

Basal metabolism constitutes the largest portion of total energy expenditure.
Estimated energy requirements vary based on factors such as age, weight, height, and activity level, exemplified by Lawrence's calculated need of 2,500 kilocalories per day.

Dietary Guidelines

The New American Plate encourages filling two-thirds of the plate with plant-based foods and one-third with protein sources.
Recommended daily carbohydrate intake is 130 grams for both children aged 1-3 and adults.

Additional Concepts

Peptide bonds link amino acids in proteins, while denaturing refers to the alteration of protein structure, as seen when frying an egg.
Understanding the thermic effect of food, basal metabolic needs, and physical activity helps inform overall energy expenditure calculations for optimal health management.

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Description

Test your knowledge with this quiz on HLTH 1020 covering Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7. This quiz explores essential concepts related to weight loss theories, calorie deficits, and nutritional principles. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of health and nutrition.