Lecture 34 – Glycogen Metabolism and Glucose Homeostasis
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Questions and Answers

What is glycogen primarily composed of?

  • Fructose
  • Galactose
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Sucrose

    • Where is glycogen primarily stored in the body?

  • Brain and heart
  • Liver and skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Lungs and kidneys
  • Skin and adipose tissue

    • Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen?

  • Glycogen synthase
  • Glycogen phosphorylase (correct)
  • Glucose-6-phosphatase
  • Hexokinase

    • What is the end product of glycogen breakdown?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glycosidic bonds are found in glycogen?

    <p>α-1,4 and α-1,6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for glycogen synthesis?

    <p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the branching of glycogen?

    <p>Branching enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycogenin in glycogen synthesis?

    <p>It acts as a primer for glycogen synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting glycogen breakdown?

    <p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does low blood glucose affect glycogen metabolism?

    <p>It activates glycogen phosphorylase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glycogen metabolism?

    <p>It stimulates glycogen synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is active in the presence of high energy (ATP)?

    <p>Glycogen synthase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium state of phosphorylase a in the liver?

    <p>Active R state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cori cycle?

    <p>To recycle lactate to glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions stimulates glucagon release?

    <p>Low blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Andersen's disease?

    <p>Lack of branching in glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond connects glucose residues in the main chain of glycogen?

    <p>α-1,4 glycosidic bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organ is insulin primarily produced?

    <p>Pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose-6-phosphatase in glucose homeostasis?

    <p>It converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone acts antagonistically to insulin?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of epinephrine during stress?

    <p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to glycogen phosphorylase when it is phosphorylated?

    <p>It becomes active. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of enzyme is glycogen phosphorylase?

    <p>Glycosidase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathway for lactate recycling in the liver?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glycogen storage is true?

    <p>Glycogen is stored in muscle and liver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of allosteric regulation in glycogen metabolism?

    <p>It alters enzyme activity based on the energy state of the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is a key regulator of glycogen synthase activity?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source for muscles during short bursts of activity?

    <p>Glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood glucose levels after a meal?

    <p>They increase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of glucose homeostasis, which response is initiated by low blood sugar levels?

    <p>Glucagon release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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