30 Questions
What is the main cause of the Black Death?
A bacterium called Yersinia pestis
How does the Black Death typically transmit from animals to humans?
By the bite of infected fleas, direct contact with infected tissues, or inhalation of infected respiratory droplets
What are the two main clinical forms of the plague?
Bubonic and pneumonic
What is the case fatality risk for untreated pneumonic plague?
Always fatal
What practice was derived from the Italian words 'quaranta giorni' meaning 40 days?
Quarantine of incoming vessels
What was the social and economic impact of the Black Death?
Religion decreased and serfs became more empowered
What is the death toll range for HIV/AIDS as of 2022?
16.6–28.3 million
Which disease has a smaller proportion of the population lost?
COVID-19
What factor has made it possible to quickly spread diseases across the globe?
Global Travel
What is the global population lost due to COVID-19?
0.1–0.4%
Which factor tends to lead to environments supporting infectious disease spread?
Urbanization
What change can climate change bring that is often associated with infectious disease outbreaks?
Geographic distribution changes
What is one of the aims of pandemic response?
Limit onward spread to contain the epidemic
Which stage of emergency response focuses on effectively responding to save lives?
Response
What is the aim of the Containment strategy in response to COVID-19?
Limit onward spread
Which part of the Epidemiological triad refers to 'Time Place Person'?
Disease
What does the chain of infection aim to do?
Break the chain of infection
Which stage follows 'Prevention' in the emergency response stages?
Preparedness
What is the primary goal of case-based interventions described in the text?
Rapidly detect and isolate cases, monitor close contacts, and enforce self-isolation
Which of the following population-based interventions is NOT mentioned in the text?
Mandatory vaccination
What is the economic impact of COVID-19 described in the text?
Loss of employment, leading to mental and physical health issues
What is the text's perspective on the societal change caused by the COVID-19 pandemic?
The pandemic has created an opportunity to address societal problems.
Which of the following is a consequence of COVID-19 related social isolation described in the text?
Practical difficulties accessing food and medicines
What is the potential benefit of reduced transportation use during the pandemic described in the text?
Reduction in air pollution due to fewer vehicles on the road
What is the value of R0 that indicates the extinction of a disease?
R0 < 1
Which factor is NOT included in the formula for R0?
Duration of latent period
What does the term 'homogenous mixing' refer to in the context of R0 assumptions?
The initial infectious individual has the same mixing patterns as the rest of the population
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can impact R0?
Weather conditions
What is the term used for the period during which a host is infected but not yet infectious?
Latent period
What does the phrase 'Break the chain!' refer to in the context of disease transmission?
Interrupting the transmission cycle
Test your knowledge on the differences between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19, including death tolls, global population impact, regional population impact, and geographical spread. Explore themes such as frequency, affected areas, and population proportions.
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