HIV/AIDS History and Anti-HIV Therapy

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What is the shape of the HIV virus?

Cylindrical
Oval
Spherical
Icosahedra (correct)

What is the function of the knob-like structures on the HIV outer envelope?

To replicate the virus
To bind to target cells (correct)
To protect the virus from the host's immune system
To release the virus from the host cell

What is the main target cell type for HIV replication?

Helper T cells (correct)
B cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells

At which stage does reverse transcription occur in the HIV lifecycle?

Reverse transcription (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTIs)?

Blocking the reproduction of HIV by preventing the synthesis of double-stranded viral DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs inhibits the integration of viral DNA into host chromosomal DNA?

Integrase inhibitors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Protease inhibitors?

Inhibiting the release of mature viral particles from the host cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NARTIs or NRTIs)?

Blocking the reproduction of HIV by preventing the synthesis of double-stranded viral DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the retrovirus life-cycle is inhibited by Entry inhibitors?

Binding and entry (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of AZT in treating HIV?

It converts to triphosphate and inhibits viral reverse transcriptase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between nucleosides and nucleotides?

Nucleosides do not have a phosphate group while nucleotides do (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the class of antiretroviral drugs that tenofovir belongs to?

Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of HIV Protease Inhibitors (PIs)?

They prevent viral replication by inhibiting the activity of proteases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first approved treatment for HIV?

Retrovir (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of using nucleotides as potential drugs?

They have a phosphate group that can be difficult to administer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Integrase inhibitors?

To inhibit the action of integrase enzyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the approved HIV Protease Inhibitor with a molecular weight of 670?

Saquinavir (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose ofTransition State Isosteres (TSIs)?

To mimic the transition state in a chemical reaction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entry inhibitors in the HIV replication cycle?

To block the binding of HIV to CD4+ cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is closely associated with gp120 and penetrates the cell membrane?

gp41 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CD4 in the HIV entry process?

To bind to gp120 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of blocking the binding of HIV to CD4+ cells?

The progression from HIV infection to AIDS is slowed (C) Signup and view all the answers