HIV Patient Care and Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus during the acute stages of HIV infection?

Focusing solely on nutrition

Maximizing the patient’s health and promoting comfort (correct)

Minimizing medication usage

Promoting physical exercise

Which of the following is an important self-care instruction for a patient with HIV regarding skin lesions?

Cover lesions with bandages at all times

Keep any lesions and the skin clean and dry (correct)

Avoid any cleaning to prevent irritation

Apply ointment only when sores are present

What is a potential consequence of diarrhea in HIV patients?

Increased appetite

Limitation of activities and abdominal pain (correct)

Enhanced social interactions

Improvement in overall health

How should a patient with HIV manage cleaning in the perianal area?

Use soap and water immediately after any bowel movement Signup and view all the answers

What instruction is important regarding food for patients experiencing GI irritations?

Identify and avoid GI irritants Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assist an HIV patient in personal cleaning?

To maintain their dignity and comfort Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for educating significant others about a patient's self-care?

To ensure a supportive environment for the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is not a recommended action for patients aiming to maintain healthy skin during HIV treatment?

Avoid any skin treatment Signup and view all the answers

What CD4 level is considered critical for an HIV-infected person?

Less than 200/mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)?

To maximally suppress viral replication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is NOT included in supportive management for HIV-related issues?

Vaccination against HIV Signup and view all the answers

What is the lower limit of detection for an ultrasensitive assay measuring HIV-1 RNA in plasma?

40 copies/mL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is essential for patients with HIV to enhance their overall health?

Dietary support Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical aspect of documenting a patient's emotional response to illness?

Signs of ineffective coping Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when administering pharmacologic therapies for HIV patients?

Interactions with other medications must be reviewed Signup and view all the answers

What should patients or caregivers be taught to help prevent opportunistic infections at home?

Universal precautions Signup and view all the answers

If a patient with HIV becomes short of breath, what is often prescribed to aid in their treatment?

Oxygen therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the approach to antiretroviral therapies?

They should always be used in combination Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is recommended for reducing the risk of HIV transmission during sexual activity?

Practicing safe sex using condoms Signup and view all the answers

What information should be communicated to a woman of childbearing age about HIV and pregnancy?

Notify a physician upon finding out about the pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices does NOT help to manage critical phases of disease in patients?

Ignoring emotional responses Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient be advised regarding the sharing of needles?

Never share needles under any circumstances Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom should patients self-assess daily to monitor complications?

Temperature elevations Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of supporting a patient with an illness?

Providing information about available resources Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module on Inflammatory Response

The module covers alterations in inflammatory and immunologic responses.
Three lessons are outlined: Alteration in Inflammatory and Immunologic Response, Inflammatory Reactions, and Immunologic Reactions.

Introduction

The immune system protects the host from pathogens.
The immune system distinguishes self from non-self to eliminate invaders.
Innate and adaptive mechanisms are involved in immune responses to pathogens.

Objectives

Discuss the components and functions of the immune system.
Compare antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune responses.
Describe the pathophysiology of wound healing, inflammation, and infection.
Identify factors responsible for nosocomial infections.
Provide teaching for clients with inflammation or infection and their families.
Use the nursing process as a framework for individualized care.

Lesson 1: Definition of Inflammation

Inflammation is a vascular and cellular response to trauma.
Its purpose is to initiate the healing process.
The body attempts to dispose of micro-organisms, foreign material, and dead tissues.

Lesson 1: Immune System

The immune system consists of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.
White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes are produced in bone marrow.
WBCs circulate in the blood and through tissue spaces.
WBCs or leukocytes have the general function of distinguishing own cells from foreign cells, and attaching and removing foreign cells or the body's own damaged cells.
Complete blood count (CBC) includes WBC count measurement:
- Normal count is 4500 – 10,000/mm³
- Leukocytosis occurs when WBC count > 10,000/mm³
- Leucopenia occurs when WBC count < 4500/mm³
Different types of WBCs: granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
- Granulocytes are the first line of defense against microbial invasion and are composed of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
  - Neutrophils comprise 55-70% of circulating leukocytes and are phagocytic cells.
  - Eosinophils (1-4%) are involved in allergic/inflammatory responses
  - Basophils (0.5-1%) contain heparin, SRS-A, and eosinophil chemotactic factor; they are involved in allergic/inflammatory reactions, and are released in response to allergens
Monocytes (2-3%):
- Mature into macrophages responsible for removing antigens, debris
- Involved in inflammatory regulation and fever.
Lymphocytes (20-40%):
- Non-phagocytic
- Involved in the specific targeted response to specific antigens and include T lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, NK cells, which work together in immune responses.

Lesson 1: Types of WBC (WBC differential)

The WBC differential measures percentage of different WBC types.
Important in assessing an individual's immune status.
Different cell types have different functions. - Neutrophils are involved in a multitude of immune responses.

Lesson 2: Inflammatory Reaction

Skin functions include maintaining temperature, protecting internal organs, and sensing touch.
The skin loses elasticity and its layer of fat, making it heal slower and be more prone to bruising.
Skin health is impacted by a variety of factors, such as hygiene and nutrition.
Discussion of bacterial infections (impetigo and folliculitis).

Lesson 3: Immunological Reactions

Discusses antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune response.
Detailed description of various infectious diseases, each presented under detailed categories and includes symptoms, mode of transmission, signs, treatment, prevention.
Covering the topics of Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases, such as Poliomyelitis, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), Mumps, Measles(Rubella), German Measles, Chicken Pox.
Description of the different categories related to the inflammatory and immunological responses covered.

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of care and management for patients with HIV, focusing on self-care instructions, potential complications, and treatment objectives. Perfect for healthcare providers and students looking to deepen their understanding of HIV patient support and health maintenance.