10 Questions
What is the main mechanism by which HIV destroys CD4-bearing helper T lymphocytes?
Substituting its own RNA and DNA for the cell's DNA
What happens when the CD4 count falls below 500 cells/mm3 in individuals with HIV infection?
Difficulty in resisting opportunistic infections
How does HIV remain in the body even though there is no effective way to destroy it?
By replicating slowly
Which factor makes it difficult for individuals with HIV infection to resist opportunistic infections such as fungal infections?
CD4 count below 500 cells/mm3 or viral load above 5,000 copies/ml
How is HIV infection primarily spread according to the text?
By sharing contaminated needles for injection
Which age group usually progresses more rapidly from HIV transmission?
Children and infants
What is the most common reason for childhood HIV infection in the United States?
Placental spread from mother to child
What are the preliminary symptoms that a child may display during the preconversion time of HIV infection?
Fever and swollen lymph nodes
How is HIV transmitted from mother to child when the mother does not receive treatment?
Placental transmission
What type of tests are used to detect HIV antigen and antibodies in children?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Learn about the characteristics of HIV-1 and HIV-2, how the virus attacks the immune system, and the process of viral replication leading to AIDS. Understand the impact on CD4-bearing helper T lymphocytes and B-lymphocyte response.
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