HIV Infection and AIDS Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main mechanism by which HIV destroys CD4-bearing helper T lymphocytes?

  • Enhancing the immune response of the lymphocytes
  • Inducing apoptosis in the lymphocytes
  • Directly attacking the cell membrane
  • Substituting its own RNA and DNA for the cell's DNA (correct)
  • What happens when the CD4 count falls below 500 cells/mm3 in individuals with HIV infection?

  • Enhanced B-lymphocyte response
  • Increased resistance to opportunistic infections
  • Improved ability to remove malignant cells
  • Difficulty in resisting opportunistic infections (correct)
  • How does HIV remain in the body even though there is no effective way to destroy it?

  • By replicating slowly (correct)
  • By inducing autoimmune responses
  • By escaping the immune system detection
  • By hiding in bone marrow
  • Which factor makes it difficult for individuals with HIV infection to resist opportunistic infections such as fungal infections?

    <p>CD4 count below 500 cells/mm3 or viral load above 5,000 copies/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HIV infection primarily spread according to the text?

    <p>By sharing contaminated needles for injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group usually progresses more rapidly from HIV transmission?

    <p>Children and infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common reason for childhood HIV infection in the United States?

    <p>Placental spread from mother to child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the preliminary symptoms that a child may display during the preconversion time of HIV infection?

    <p>Fever and swollen lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HIV transmitted from mother to child when the mother does not receive treatment?

    <p>Placental transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tests are used to detect HIV antigen and antibodies in children?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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