HIV/AIDs Adult Health test 2

HIV is a virus that primarily targets and destroys CD4 cells, also known as helper T cells, which are crucial for coordinating the immune response.

HIV is an obligate virus, meaning it cannot reproduce on its own and requires a host cell's DNA to replicate.

Acute HIV infection is the initial stage of infection, occurring within 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. It's characterized by flu-like symptoms and a high viral load in the blood.

Chronic HIV infection is the stage after the initial infection, where the viral load is low. It can last for years, but helper T cells are slowly destroyed, leading to weakened immunity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, where the immune system is severely compromised, CD4 count drops to 200 or lower, and opportunistic infections can thrive.

HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact (anal, vaginal, and oral intercourse), direct exposure to infected blood (needle sharing, blood transfusions), prenatal transmission (during pregnancy or delivery), and postnatal transmission (through breastfeeding).

Higher viral load in the infected individual increases the risk of transmission, as there are more viruses available to spread. Receptive anal intercourse is the highest risk due to increased likelihood of tissue tears.

Ulcerating genital diseases (STIs) create open sores, making it easier for HIV to enter the bloodstream. Vigorous or forceful sex, illicit drug use, and sharing needles also increase the risk of transmission by damaging tissues and suppressing the immune system.

HIV can be transmitted through various bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and rectal secretions.

A test that detects the presence of HIV and its viral load, often used for early detection.

A test that detects HIV antibodies and antigens, usually done through a blood draw.

A rapid HIV test that can be done with a finger prick.

A test that utilizes oral fluid or blood to detect antibodies to HIV, suitable for self-testing.

This test measures the number of CD4 cells in the blood and their percentage, providing information about the stage of HIV infection and the risk for complications.

Dietary recommendations for individuals with HIV/AIDS to reduce digestive discomfort.

The point when HIV becomes detectable in the blood after exposure, typically between 2 and 4 weeks after exposure.

Condoms provide a physical barrier that prevents the exchange of bodily fluids, reducing the risk of HIV transmission.

A common digestive issue in HIV patients, often leading to lactose intolerance.

This therapy uses a combination of medications to slow the progression of HIV, prevent the development of AIDS, and reduce the risk of transmission.

Medication regimen used to control HIV infection and slow disease progression.

Inflammation and swelling of two or more lymph nodes for at least three months, often a sign of HIV infection.

Potential complications that can develop in individuals with weakened immune systems, often seen in HIV/AIDS.

Nerve damage caused by HIV infection or antiretroviral medications, leading to numbness, tingling, and other sensory changes.

The most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients, affecting the lungs.

A fungal infection that appears as white patches on the tongue and oral mucosa, common in individuals with HIV.

A rare type of cancer associated with HIV, characterized by purple skin lesions.

A common opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV, characterized by white thickening on the oral mucosa that cannot be wiped off.

A serious bacterial infection posing a significant risk to HIV patients, especially with drug-resistant strains.

A complex metabolic condition impacting HIV/AIDS patients, leading to muscle loss and increased susceptibility to infections.

A viral infection that causes sores on the genitals, more frequent and severe in individuals with HIV due to a weakened immune system.

A bacterial infection that can be difficult to eradicate in individuals with HIV, potentially leading to neurological complications.

Dietary strategies to manage HIV wasting, focusing on nutrient-rich foods and supplements.

Psychological and social challenges faced by individuals living with HIV/AIDS.

Counseling provided before and after HIV testing, offering guidance and support.

Preventative measures to minimize the risk of infections in HIV patients.

A comprehensive approach to managing HIV/AIDS, including medical treatment, nutritional support, and psychosocial care.

Strategies to recover lost muscle mass and improve overall health in HIV wasting.

The impact of HIV diagnosis on mental health and well-being.

Using methods to prevent the spread of germs and protect against infections in immunocompromised patients. This includes good hygiene, avoiding exposure to germs, and taking precautions to prevent contamination.

Practices that help maintain a clean and safe environment, such as handwashing, disinfecting surfaces, and using sterile equipment.

Preventing exposure to potentially harmful microbes. This includes isolating infected individuals, avoiding contaminated areas, and following proper waste disposal procedures.

Actions taken immediately after potential exposure to HIV to reduce the risk of infection.

A combination of antiretroviral medications taken by people who have been exposed to HIV within 72 hours of exposure, aimed at preventing HIV infection.

Practices that minimize the risk of HIV transmission. They include abstinence, mutual monogamy with an HIV-negative partner, consistent use of condoms, and limiting the number of sexual partners.

A thin sheet of latex used as a barrier during oral sex to prevent the transmission of HIV.

Barrier contraceptive methods that provide protection against STIs, including HIV, during vaginal and anal intercourse.

A barrier contraceptive method specifically designed for women, providing a woman with control over its use.

A combination of antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection and prevent transmission from pregnant women to their infants.