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Questions and Answers
What is the result when the HIV virus has integrated into host cells?
What is the result when the HIV virus has integrated into host cells?
What is the significance of a CD4 cell count below 200?
What is the significance of a CD4 cell count below 200?
Which statement accurately describes the symptoms experienced in the early stages of HIV infection?
Which statement accurately describes the symptoms experienced in the early stages of HIV infection?
What adverse effect can lead to the development of pneumonia in HIV patients?
What adverse effect can lead to the development of pneumonia in HIV patients?
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Which of the following is the definitive test for diagnosing HIV?
Which of the following is the definitive test for diagnosing HIV?
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What preventive measure should be taught to AIDS patients regarding needle usage?
What preventive measure should be taught to AIDS patients regarding needle usage?
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What is the characteristic of hyperacute transplant rejection?
What is the characteristic of hyperacute transplant rejection?
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Which HIV-related symptom indicates advanced immunosuppression?
Which HIV-related symptom indicates advanced immunosuppression?
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Study Notes
HIV
-
Risk Factors:
- Male
- Homosexual
- Healthcare workers
- Pregnancy: Mother can pass HIV to baby during vaginal birth
-
Viral Characteristics:
- Retrovirus: Requires a host to survive
- RNA to DNA: Converts its RNA into DNA to integrate with the host's genetic material
- Targets CD4 cells: Attacks billions of CD4 cells daily
- After entering a cell: Replicates its DNA and spreads
-
Symptoms:
- 2-4 weeks post-transmission: Flu-like symptoms (fever, sweats, malaise, swollen nodes)
- Progression of HIV symptoms:
- Diarrhea
- Mouth sores (due to immunosuppression)
- Shingles flare-ups
- Kaposi Sarcoma (skin lesions)
- Decreasing CD4 count (below 200 signifies AIDS)
- Wasting syndrome (weight loss)
Pneumonia Care
- Fluid intake: 3000 ml/day to loosen sputum
- Head of bed: Elevated to 45 degrees for lung expansion
- Respiratory support: Incentive spirometer, cough, deep breathing
- Sputum Culture: To determine the best antibiotics
- Vital Signs: Monitor for changes indicating complications
Diagnosis
-
CD4 Cell Count:
- Normal: 400 to 800
- HIV Stage: Between 400 to 200
- AIDS: Below 200
- ELISA Test: Detects the presence of HIV antigens, indicating exposure to the virus
-
Western Blot Test: Confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis, results can take weeks
- No cure for HIV
Treatment
- Focus on slowing progression: Use antiretroviral medications (e.g., "-vir" drugs)
- Patients with AIDS:
- Teach prevention strategies (flu-like symptoms, prep for sex, safe needle practices)
- Long-term medication: Must be taken for life
Emotional Support
- Wear protective gear: Gown for suctioning, diaper changes, patient interactions
Organ Transplants
-
Live Donors: Tissue typing needed to match blood type (RH type not necessary)
- Loved ones can be donors
-
Transplant Rejection:
- Hyperacute (within 24 hours): Body attacks the organ due to antigen mismatch, requiring immediate removal.
- Acute (within 6 months): The recipient's lymphocytes attack the transplanted organ.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about HIV, including risk factors, viral characteristics, and symptoms. Additionally, it explores basic care principles for pneumonia, emphasizing fluid intake and respiratory support. Test your knowledge on these critical health topics.
