HIV and Antiviral Pharmacology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which class of agents specifically inhibits viral uncoating?

Viral release inhibitors

Nucleoside/Nucleotide analogues

Fusion inhibitors

Viral uncoating inhibitors (correct)

What type of agents are used to enhance immune response?

Viral replication inhibitors

Nucleoside analogues

Immune modulating agents (correct)

Fusion inhibitors

Which of the following is a nucleoside/nucleotide analog used as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor?

Emtricitabine (correct)

Adefovir dipivoxil

Tenofovir DF

Abacavir

Which drug class targets the HIV-1 capsid?

HIV-1 capsid inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents are used in COVID-19 treatment?

Anti-viral agents Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known as Ziagen?

Abacavir Signup and view all the answers

Which drug combination is known as Truvada?

Emtricitabine and Tenofovir DF Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs includes agents like Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate?

Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues Signup and view all the answers

Which class of agents inhibits the fusion of HIV with host cells?

Fusion inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is a common purpose of pharmacokinetic enhancers?

To improve absorption or effectiveness of other drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is represented by the brand name Valtrex?

Valacyclovir Signup and view all the answers

Tenofovir alafenamide is marketed under which brand name?

Vemlidy Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a polymerase inhibitor used in the treatment of Hepatitis C?

Sofosbuvir Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drug combinations includes Emtricitabine?

Cimduo Signup and view all the answers

Tenofovir DF combined with which medication forms a widely known combination therapy?

Emtricitabine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is classified as an antiviral and is used topically for eye conditions?

Idoxuridine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an NS3/4A protease inhibitor used to treat Hepatitis C?

Dasabuvir Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name for Zidovudine?

Retrovir Signup and view all the answers

Which combination drug includes both Abacavir and Lamivudine?

Epzicom Signup and view all the answers

Ganciclovir is primarily used to treat which type of infection?

Cytomegalovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is classified as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)?

Daclatasvir Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is known as a protease inhibitor (PI)?

Pribrentasvir Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a DNA terminase complex inhibitor in viral therapy?

Inhibit viral DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which combination agent includes both NS5A and NS5B inhibitors?

Lepidasvir+Sofosbuvir Signup and view all the answers

What type of inhibitors are Valganciclovir and Cidofovir primarily categorized as?

CMV pUL97 kinase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What class of drugs includes Daclatasvir and Ombitasvir?

NS5A inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is primarily used to inhibit viral fusion?

Fusion inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which combination is beneficial in the treatment of HCV?

Lepidasvir+Sofosbuvir Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of inhibitors classified as viral synthesis inhibitors?

Viral genome replication Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used for treating Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections?

Valganciclovir Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a viral release inhibitor?

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Peramivir (Rapivab®)?

Viral Release Inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a nucleoside analog used for antiviral therapy?

Valacyclovir (Valtrex®) Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral agent is used topically for eye conditions?

Trifluridine (Viroptic®) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a viral replication inhibitor?

Baloxavir (Xofluza®) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is primarily used for the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

Nirsevimab-alip (Beyfortus®) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in antiviral therapy?

To inhibit reverse transcriptase activity Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is classified as an integrase strand inhibitor?

Dolutegravir (Tivicay®) Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of drugs serves as a single tablet regimen that includes an NNRTI?

Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF + Efavirenz Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of fusion inhibitors like Enfuvirtide?

To block gp41-mediated fusion Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is categorized as a pharmacokinetic enhancer?

Cobicistat (Tybost®) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is used in combination for hepatitis C treatment?

Velpatasvir+Sofosbuvir (Epclusa®) Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is specifically a single tablet regimen that contains Dolutegravir?

Dolutegravir + Lamivudine (Dovato®) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is classified as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)?

Rilpivirine (Edurant®) Signup and view all the answers

What type of antiviral agent is Remdesivir (Veklury®) primarily used as?

A polymerase inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viral Release Inhibitors

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), Zanamivir (Relenza®), and Peramivir (Rapivab®) inhibit the release of new viral particles from infected cells, preventing spread.

Viral Replication Inhibitors

Baloxavir (Xofluza®) inhibits viral replication by blocking the cap-dependent endonuclease activity essential for viral mRNA synthesis.

Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues

Acyclovir (Zovirax®), Valacyclovir (Valtrex®), Famciclovir (Famvir®), Penciclovir (Denavir®), and Trifluridine (Viroptic®) are nucleoside or nucleotide analogues that inhibit viral DNA polymerase, preventing viral replication.
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir are oral medications used for treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections.
Penciclovir is a topical medication primarily used for treatment of labial herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections (cold sores).
Trifluridine is an ophthalmic medication used for treatment of herpes simplex keratitis.

Fusion Inhibitors

Palivizumab (Synagis®) and Nirsevimab-alip (Beyfortus®) are used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Anti-Hepatitis Agents

Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) are used to treat Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
- Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV®) is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI).
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy®) is an NRTI.
- Entecavir (Baraclude®) is an NRTI.
Immune System Modulators are used to treat HBV and HCV infections.
- Interferon--2b (Intron-A®) is an interferon.
- Pegylated Interferon--2b (PegIntron-A®) is a pegylated interferon.
- Pegylated Interferon--2a (Pegasys®) is a pegylated interferon.
- Interferon Alfacon-1 is an interferon.
Combination Agents are used specifically for HCV infection.
- Lepidasvir+Sofosbuvir (Harvoni®) inhibits NS5A and NS5B.
- Velpatasvir+Sofosbuvir (Epclusa®) inhibits NS5A and NS5B.
- Pibrentasvir+Glecaprevir (Mavyret®) inhibits NS5A and NS3/4A.
- Elbasvir+Grazoprevir (Zepatier®) inhibits NS5A and NS3/4A.
- Velpatasvir+Sofosbuvir+Voxilaprevir (Vosevi®) is a triple combination therapy.

Anti-HIV Agents

Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Abacavir (Ziagen®) is an NRTI.
- Emtricitabine (Emtriva®) is an NRTI.
- Lamivudine (Epivir®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir DF + Emtricitabine (Truvada®) combines two NRTIs.
- Tenofovir AF + Emtricitabine (Descovy®) combines two NRTIs.
- Abacavir + Lamivudine (Epzicom®) combines two NRTIs.
- Tenofovir DF + Lamivudine (Cimduo®) combines two NRTIs.
- Zidovudine (Retrovir®) is an NRTI.
Integrase Strand Inhibitors (INSTIs) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Dolutegravir (Tivicay®) is an INSTI.
- Raltegravir (Isentress®) is an INSTI.
- Elvitegravir (Viteka®) is an INSTI.
- Bictegravir is an INSTI used only in combination therapies.
- Cabotegravir is an INSTI used only in combination therapies.
Nonnucleoside RTIs (NNRTIS) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Efavirenz (Sustiva®) is an NNRTI.
- Rilpivirine (Edurant®) is an NNRTI.
Protease Inhibitors (PIs) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Atazanavir (Reyataz®) is a PI.
- Darunavir (Prezista®) is a PI.
Pharmacokinetic Enhancers are used in combination with other anti-HIV medications.
- Cobicistat (Tybost®) is a pharmacokinetic enhancer.
- Ritonavir (Norvir®) is a pharmacokinetic enhancer.
Fusion Inhibitors block the entry of the HIV virus into cells.
- Enfurvitide (Fuzeon®) targets gp41, stopping HIV entry at a later stage.
- Maraviroc (Selzentry®) targets the CCR5 receptor used by HIV to enter.
- Ibalizumab-uiyk (Targarzo®) blocks domain 2 protein binding post-attachment.
- Fostemsavir (Rukobia®) targets gp120, stopping HIV entry at an earlier stage.
HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitors stop HIV from assembling.
- Lenacapavir (Sunlenca®) is an inhibitor of the HIV-1 capsid.
Single Tablet Regimens combine multiple antiretroviral medications into one pill.
- NNRTI-Based single tablet regimens:
  - Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF + Efavirenz (Atripla®) combines an NRTI, an NRTI, and an NNRTI.
  - Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF + Rilpivirine (Complera®) combines an NRTI, an NRTI, and an NNRTI.
  - Emtricitabine + Tenofovir AF + Rilpivirine (Odefsey®) combines an NRTI, an NRTI, and an NNRTI.
  - Doravirine + Lamivudine + Tenofovir DF (Delstrigo®) combines an NNRTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
  - Efavirenz + Tenofovir DF + Lamivudine (Symfi® and Symfi Lo®) combines an NNRTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- PI-Based Single Tablet Regimen:
  - Darunavir + Cobicistat + Tenofovir AF + Emtricitabine (Symtuza®) combines a PI, a pharmacokinetic enhancer, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- INSTI-Based Single Tablet Regimens:
  - Dolutegravir + Abacavir + Lamivudine (Triumeq®) combines an INSTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
  - Bictegravir + Emtricitabine + Tenofovir AF (Biktarvy®) combines an INSTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
  - Dolutegravir + Lamivudine (Dovato®) combines an INSTI and an NRTI.
  - Dolutegravir + Rilpivirine (Juluca®) combines an INSTI and an NNRTI.
  - Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine (Cabenuva®) combines an INSTI and an NNRTI.
  - Elvitegravir + Cobicistat + Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF (Stribild®) combines an INSTI, a pharmacokinetic enhancer, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
  - Elvitegravir + Cobicistat + Emtricitabine + Tenofovir AF (Genvoya®) combines an INSTI, a pharmacokinetic enhancer, an NRTI, and an NRTI.

COVID-19 Agents

Remdesivir (Veklury®) is an antiviral medication used to treat COVID-19.
Nirmatrelvir+Ritonovir (Paxlovid®) is a combination therapy used to treat COVID-19.
- Nirmatrelvir is a protease inhibitor.
- Ritonavir is a pharmacokinetic enhancer.

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Description

Test your knowledge on HIV pharmacology and antiviral agents with this quiz! You'll explore various drug classes, their mechanisms, and brand names. Perfect for students in pharmacology or medical programs.