Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which class of agents specifically inhibits viral uncoating?
Which class of agents specifically inhibits viral uncoating?
- Viral release inhibitors
- Nucleoside/Nucleotide analogues
- Fusion inhibitors
- Viral uncoating inhibitors (correct)
What type of agents are used to enhance immune response?
What type of agents are used to enhance immune response?
- Viral replication inhibitors
- Nucleoside analogues
- Immune modulating agents (correct)
- Fusion inhibitors
Which of the following is a nucleoside/nucleotide analog used as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor?
Which of the following is a nucleoside/nucleotide analog used as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor?
- Emtricitabine (correct)
- Adefovir dipivoxil
- Tenofovir DF
- Abacavir
Which drug class targets the HIV-1 capsid?
Which drug class targets the HIV-1 capsid?
Which of the following agents are used in COVID-19 treatment?
Which of the following agents are used in COVID-19 treatment?
Which drug is known as Ziagen?
Which drug is known as Ziagen?
Which drug combination is known as Truvada?
Which drug combination is known as Truvada?
Which class of drugs includes agents like Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate?
Which class of drugs includes agents like Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate?
Which class of agents inhibits the fusion of HIV with host cells?
Which class of agents inhibits the fusion of HIV with host cells?
What is a common purpose of pharmacokinetic enhancers?
What is a common purpose of pharmacokinetic enhancers?
Which antiviral drug is represented by the brand name Valtrex?
Which antiviral drug is represented by the brand name Valtrex?
Tenofovir alafenamide is marketed under which brand name?
Tenofovir alafenamide is marketed under which brand name?
Which medication is a polymerase inhibitor used in the treatment of Hepatitis C?
Which medication is a polymerase inhibitor used in the treatment of Hepatitis C?
Which of the following drug combinations includes Emtricitabine?
Which of the following drug combinations includes Emtricitabine?
Tenofovir DF combined with which medication forms a widely known combination therapy?
Tenofovir DF combined with which medication forms a widely known combination therapy?
Which drug is classified as an antiviral and is used topically for eye conditions?
Which drug is classified as an antiviral and is used topically for eye conditions?
Which of the following is an NS3/4A protease inhibitor used to treat Hepatitis C?
Which of the following is an NS3/4A protease inhibitor used to treat Hepatitis C?
What is the brand name for Zidovudine?
What is the brand name for Zidovudine?
Which combination drug includes both Abacavir and Lamivudine?
Which combination drug includes both Abacavir and Lamivudine?
Ganciclovir is primarily used to treat which type of infection?
Ganciclovir is primarily used to treat which type of infection?
Which medication is classified as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)?
Which medication is classified as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)?
Which of the following agents is known as a protease inhibitor (PI)?
Which of the following agents is known as a protease inhibitor (PI)?
What is the function of a DNA terminase complex inhibitor in viral therapy?
What is the function of a DNA terminase complex inhibitor in viral therapy?
Which combination agent includes both NS5A and NS5B inhibitors?
Which combination agent includes both NS5A and NS5B inhibitors?
What type of inhibitors are Valganciclovir and Cidofovir primarily categorized as?
What type of inhibitors are Valganciclovir and Cidofovir primarily categorized as?
What class of drugs includes Daclatasvir and Ombitasvir?
What class of drugs includes Daclatasvir and Ombitasvir?
Which agent is primarily used to inhibit viral fusion?
Which agent is primarily used to inhibit viral fusion?
Which combination is beneficial in the treatment of HCV?
Which combination is beneficial in the treatment of HCV?
What is the primary target of inhibitors classified as viral synthesis inhibitors?
What is the primary target of inhibitors classified as viral synthesis inhibitors?
Which drug is used for treating Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections?
Which drug is used for treating Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections?
Which of the following is a viral release inhibitor?
Which of the following is a viral release inhibitor?
What is the classification of Peramivir (Rapivab®)?
What is the classification of Peramivir (Rapivab®)?
Which medication is a nucleoside analog used for antiviral therapy?
Which medication is a nucleoside analog used for antiviral therapy?
Which antiviral agent is used topically for eye conditions?
Which antiviral agent is used topically for eye conditions?
Which of the following is classified as a viral replication inhibitor?
Which of the following is classified as a viral replication inhibitor?
Which of the following agents is primarily used for the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
Which of the following agents is primarily used for the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
What is the primary function of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in antiviral therapy?
What is the primary function of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in antiviral therapy?
Which medication is classified as an integrase strand inhibitor?
Which medication is classified as an integrase strand inhibitor?
Which combination of drugs serves as a single tablet regimen that includes an NNRTI?
Which combination of drugs serves as a single tablet regimen that includes an NNRTI?
What is the primary mechanism of action of fusion inhibitors like Enfuvirtide?
What is the primary mechanism of action of fusion inhibitors like Enfuvirtide?
Which agent is categorized as a pharmacokinetic enhancer?
Which agent is categorized as a pharmacokinetic enhancer?
Which of the following drugs is used in combination for hepatitis C treatment?
Which of the following drugs is used in combination for hepatitis C treatment?
Which agent is specifically a single tablet regimen that contains Dolutegravir?
Which agent is specifically a single tablet regimen that contains Dolutegravir?
Which drug is classified as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)?
Which drug is classified as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)?
What type of antiviral agent is Remdesivir (Veklury®) primarily used as?
What type of antiviral agent is Remdesivir (Veklury®) primarily used as?
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Study Notes
Viral Release Inhibitors
- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), Zanamivir (Relenza®), and Peramivir (Rapivab®) inhibit the release of new viral particles from infected cells, preventing spread.
Viral Replication Inhibitors
- Baloxavir (Xofluza®) inhibits viral replication by blocking the cap-dependent endonuclease activity essential for viral mRNA synthesis.
Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues
- Acyclovir (Zovirax®), Valacyclovir (Valtrex®), Famciclovir (Famvir®), Penciclovir (Denavir®), and Trifluridine (Viroptic®) are nucleoside or nucleotide analogues that inhibit viral DNA polymerase, preventing viral replication.
- Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir are oral medications used for treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections.
- Penciclovir is a topical medication primarily used for treatment of labial herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections (cold sores).
- Trifluridine is an ophthalmic medication used for treatment of herpes simplex keratitis.
Fusion Inhibitors
- Palivizumab (Synagis®) and Nirsevimab-alip (Beyfortus®) are used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.
Anti-Hepatitis Agents
- Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) are used to treat Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
- Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV®) is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI).
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy®) is an NRTI.
- Entecavir (Baraclude®) is an NRTI.
- Immune System Modulators are used to treat HBV and HCV infections.
- Interferon--2b (Intron-A®) is an interferon.
- Pegylated Interferon--2b (PegIntron-A®) is a pegylated interferon.
- Pegylated Interferon--2a (Pegasys®) is a pegylated interferon.
- Interferon Alfacon-1 is an interferon.
- Combination Agents are used specifically for HCV infection.
- Lepidasvir+Sofosbuvir (Harvoni®) inhibits NS5A and NS5B.
- Velpatasvir+Sofosbuvir (Epclusa®) inhibits NS5A and NS5B.
- Pibrentasvir+Glecaprevir (Mavyret®) inhibits NS5A and NS3/4A.
- Elbasvir+Grazoprevir (Zepatier®) inhibits NS5A and NS3/4A.
- Velpatasvir+Sofosbuvir+Voxilaprevir (Vosevi®) is a triple combination therapy.
Anti-HIV Agents
- Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Abacavir (Ziagen®) is an NRTI.
- Emtricitabine (Emtriva®) is an NRTI.
- Lamivudine (Epivir®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy®) is an NRTI.
- Tenofovir DF + Emtricitabine (Truvada®) combines two NRTIs.
- Tenofovir AF + Emtricitabine (Descovy®) combines two NRTIs.
- Abacavir + Lamivudine (Epzicom®) combines two NRTIs.
- Tenofovir DF + Lamivudine (Cimduo®) combines two NRTIs.
- Zidovudine (Retrovir®) is an NRTI.
- Integrase Strand Inhibitors (INSTIs) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Dolutegravir (Tivicay®) is an INSTI.
- Raltegravir (Isentress®) is an INSTI.
- Elvitegravir (Viteka®) is an INSTI.
- Bictegravir is an INSTI used only in combination therapies.
- Cabotegravir is an INSTI used only in combination therapies.
- Nonnucleoside RTIs (NNRTIS) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Efavirenz (Sustiva®) is an NNRTI.
- Rilpivirine (Edurant®) is an NNRTI.
- Protease Inhibitors (PIs) are used to treat HIV infection.
- Atazanavir (Reyataz®) is a PI.
- Darunavir (Prezista®) is a PI.
- Pharmacokinetic Enhancers are used in combination with other anti-HIV medications.
- Cobicistat (Tybost®) is a pharmacokinetic enhancer.
- Ritonavir (Norvir®) is a pharmacokinetic enhancer.
- Fusion Inhibitors block the entry of the HIV virus into cells.
- Enfurvitide (Fuzeon®) targets gp41, stopping HIV entry at a later stage.
- Maraviroc (Selzentry®) targets the CCR5 receptor used by HIV to enter.
- Ibalizumab-uiyk (Targarzo®) blocks domain 2 protein binding post-attachment.
- Fostemsavir (Rukobia®) targets gp120, stopping HIV entry at an earlier stage.
- HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitors stop HIV from assembling.
- Lenacapavir (Sunlenca®) is an inhibitor of the HIV-1 capsid.
- Single Tablet Regimens combine multiple antiretroviral medications into one pill.
- NNRTI-Based single tablet regimens:
- Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF + Efavirenz (Atripla®) combines an NRTI, an NRTI, and an NNRTI.
- Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF + Rilpivirine (Complera®) combines an NRTI, an NRTI, and an NNRTI.
- Emtricitabine + Tenofovir AF + Rilpivirine (Odefsey®) combines an NRTI, an NRTI, and an NNRTI.
- Doravirine + Lamivudine + Tenofovir DF (Delstrigo®) combines an NNRTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- Efavirenz + Tenofovir DF + Lamivudine (Symfi® and Symfi Lo®) combines an NNRTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- PI-Based Single Tablet Regimen:
- Darunavir + Cobicistat + Tenofovir AF + Emtricitabine (Symtuza®) combines a PI, a pharmacokinetic enhancer, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- INSTI-Based Single Tablet Regimens:
- Dolutegravir + Abacavir + Lamivudine (Triumeq®) combines an INSTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- Bictegravir + Emtricitabine + Tenofovir AF (Biktarvy®) combines an INSTI, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- Dolutegravir + Lamivudine (Dovato®) combines an INSTI and an NRTI.
- Dolutegravir + Rilpivirine (Juluca®) combines an INSTI and an NNRTI.
- Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine (Cabenuva®) combines an INSTI and an NNRTI.
- Elvitegravir + Cobicistat + Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF (Stribild®) combines an INSTI, a pharmacokinetic enhancer, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- Elvitegravir + Cobicistat + Emtricitabine + Tenofovir AF (Genvoya®) combines an INSTI, a pharmacokinetic enhancer, an NRTI, and an NRTI.
- NNRTI-Based single tablet regimens:
COVID-19 Agents
- Remdesivir (Veklury®) is an antiviral medication used to treat COVID-19.
- Nirmatrelvir+Ritonovir (Paxlovid®) is a combination therapy used to treat COVID-19.
- Nirmatrelvir is a protease inhibitor.
- Ritonavir is a pharmacokinetic enhancer.
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