History: Unification of Italy and Roman Governance
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Questions and Answers

What geographic feature contributed to the unification of Italy?

  • The lack of small, isolated valleys
  • The existence of broad, fertile plains
  • The Apennine Mountains being easy to cross
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What action did the Romans take against Carthage after the death of Hannibal?

  • They offered Carthage a peace treaty and an alliance.
  • They took a harsh approach to Carthage, considering it a rival. (correct)
  • They forgave Carthage and allowed it to rebuild.
  • They sold all Carthaginians into slavery.

    • How did Augustus contribute to a stable Roman government?

  • By forming an alliance with Carthage to avoid conflict.
  • By establishing a well-trained civil service. (correct)
  • By abolishing all forms of slavery in the Roman Empire.
  • By centralizing power in the hands of the Senate.

    • What is the Pax Romana known for?

    <p>A period of peace, order, and prosperity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common legal principle developed by the Romans, according to the content provided?

    <p>The accused has the right to a fair and impartial trial. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors contributed to the spread of Christianity?

    <p>The work of missionaries, such as Paul. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant role played by women in the spread of Christianity?

    <p>They were instrumental in converting other women to Christianity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the permanent split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Byzantine Church?

    <p>A dispute over icon use in religious practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of the Apennine Mountains made it easier to unify Italy?

    <p>They were not very rugged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Roman response to Carthage after the death of Hannibal?

    <p>They treated Carthage as a continued rival. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Augustus do to create a stable Roman government?

    <p>He appointed a well-trained civil service to enforce the laws. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major characteristic of Roman architecture?

    <p>Emphasis on grandeur and mighty monuments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Romans supply their cities with water?

    <p>They were engineers who built aqueducts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Edict of Milan?

    <p>A declaration that granted Christians freedom of worship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Christianity become a world religion?

    <p>Through the work of missionaries like Paul. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Pax Romana?

    <p>A period of peace, order, and prosperity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the emperor Justinian contribute to the Byzantine Empire?

    <p>He created a code of laws that helped strengthen the empire. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a result of the dispute over the use of icons in the Byzantine Church?

    <p>A permanent split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine Church. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Geographic features of Italy

    The characteristics making it easier to unify Italy: no small valleys, broad plains, and less rugged Apennine Mountains.

    Dictator of Rome

    A leader chosen during times of war to rule Rome with absolute power.

    Pax Romana

    A 200-year period of peace, order, and prosperity in the Roman Empire.

    Aqueducts

    Engineering structures built by Romans to supply water to their cities.

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    Constantine's Edict of Milan

    A decree that ended the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

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    Justinian's Code

    A set of laws established by Emperor Justinian that contributed to the Byzantine Empire's strength.

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    Schism

    A permanent split, particularly referring to the divide between the Byzantine and Roman Catholic Churches.

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    Role of Women in Christianity

    Women were educators and community supporters in early Christianity but could not become church officials.

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    Roman Actions Against Carthage

    Rome took harsh actions against Carthage after Hannibal's death, seeing it as a rival.

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    Julius Caesar's Civil War

    Caesar sparked civil war by defying the Senate and crossing the Rubicon River.

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    Well-Trained Civil Service

    Augustus established a civil service to ensure laws were enforced.

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    Christianity's Expansion

    Christianity grew from a Jewish sect into a world religion through missionaries like Paul.

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    Women in Early Christianity

    Women played roles as teachers and supporters, but could not hold church office.

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    Diocletian and Constantine

    Both emperors attempted to restore order in the Roman Empire during crises.

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    Byzantine Buffer

    The Byzantine Empire served as a buffer against invaders from Asia and the Middle East.

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    Roman Law Principles

    Not all Roman law principles included being tried by peers; this was an exception.

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    Roman Architecture

    Romans built grand monuments to emphasize their architectural grandeur.

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    Roman Legal System Stability

    The Roman legal system provided relative stability across the empire.

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    Study Notes

    Unification of Italy

    • Geographic features aiding unification included broad plains, less rugged Apennine Mountains, and the absence of small, isolated valleys, facilitating easier movement and integration.

    Roman Rule and War

    • During times of conflict, Rome appointed dictators with supreme power.
    • Rome did not enslave all conquered populations.
    • After Hannibal's death, Rome dealt harshly with Carthage, viewing them as a continued rival.
    • Julius Caesar's defiance of the Senate, leading his troops across the Rubicon River, ignited civil war.

    Roman Governance and Stability

    • Augustus established a well-trained civil service to uphold laws and maintain order, forming a stable government foundation.
    • Pax Romana, a 200-year period, brought peace, order, and prosperity to the Roman Empire.
    • Roman architecture emphasized grandeur and monumental structures.
    • Aqueducts supplied Roman cities with water.
    • Roman law's development did not include the principle of a jury trial.

    Spread of Christianity

    • Missionaries, such as Paul, facilitated Christianity's growth from a Jewish sect to a worldwide religion.
    • Women played a role in spreading and supporting Christianity but could not hold Church office.
    • Constantine's Edict of Milan ended Christian persecution.

    Roman Impact & Legacy

    • Roman art and literature blended Roman and Greek cultures.
    • The Roman legal system, during the empire, contributed to stability across the empire.
    • The rapid spread of Christianity was not considered a factor in Rome's decline.
    • Diocletian and Constantine worked to restore order to the Roman Empire.

    Byzantine Empire

    • Emperor Justinian was an autocratic ruler crafting laws strengthening the Byzantine Empire.
    • The Byzantine Empire functioned as a defense against invaders from the East and the Middle East.
    • A theological dispute over icons resulted in a permanent church schism (split) between the Byzantine and Roman Catholic Churches.

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    Description

    Explore the key events and features that led to the unification of Italy, alongside notable aspects of Roman governance, including leadership during wartime and the establishment of a civil service. Learn how these historical moments influenced the stability and expansion of the Roman Empire and the spread of Christianity.

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