History of Writing and Printing

Globalization and Media

• The concept of a "global village" was coined by Marshall McLuhan in 1960, suggesting that people throughout the world are interconnected through new media technologies.
• Advancements in media and transportation technologies have accelerated globalization in the 1900s.

Timeline of Globalization and Media

• Oral Communication: the oldest form of media, facilitating global cooperation and communication through language.
• Script: writing systems like cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphics drove globalization, with writing being humankind's principal technology for collecting and communicating information.
• The Printing Press (15th century): allowed for mass production of uniform printed matter, changing the nature of knowledge, challenging authority, and facilitating global awareness.
• Electronic Media (20th century): revolutionized globalization with the emergence of new media, including TV, radio, and the internet.
• Digital Media (late 20th century): computers and companies like Microsoft, Apple, Google, and Facebook have significantly influenced globalization.

Impact of Globalization on National Cultures

• Internationalization of national media systems: national media systems have become more open to external influences in content, ownership, and control.
• Impact on national cultures: globalization has led to the internationalization of national media systems.

Music and Globalization

• Popular music reinforces cultural boundaries and identities, explaining the complex dynamics of globalization.
• World music: an umbrella category for traditional and non-western music produced for Western consumption, catering to a global marketplace.
• Changes in musical culture are part of globalization, impacting institutions and social groups.