History of Writing and Printing

Study Notes

The concept of a "global village" was coined by Marshall McLuhan in 1960, suggesting that people throughout the world are interconnected through new media technologies.
Advancements in media and transportation technologies have accelerated globalization in the 1900s.

Oral Communication: the oldest form of media, facilitating global cooperation and communication through language.
Script: writing systems like cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphics drove globalization, with writing being humankind's principal technology for collecting and communicating information.
The Printing Press (15th century): allowed for mass production of uniform printed matter, changing the nature of knowledge, challenging authority, and facilitating global awareness.
Electronic Media (20th century): revolutionized globalization with the emergence of new media, including TV, radio, and the internet.
Digital Media (late 20th century): computers and companies like Microsoft, Apple, Google, and Facebook have significantly influenced globalization.

Internationalization of national media systems: national media systems have become more open to external influences in content, ownership, and control.
Impact on national cultures: globalization has led to the internationalization of national media systems.

Popular music reinforces cultural boundaries and identities, explaining the complex dynamics of globalization.
World music: an umbrella category for traditional and non-western music produced for Western consumption, catering to a global marketplace.
Changes in musical culture are part of globalization, impacting institutions and social groups.