History of Volleyball: PE4 Midterm Examination Reviewer

Volleyball Rules and Regulations

• A team has six players on the court, with rotation orders maintained throughout the set.
• The game starts with a service, with 3 or 5 sets.
• Players can touch the ball 3 times, hitting any part of the body.
• Front row players can attack at any height, while back row players can attack if the ball is lower than the top of the net.
• Two timeouts are allowed every set, and two substitutions are allowed.
• The game continues until one team scores 25 points and 2 points ahead.

Faults

• Server's violation of the service order results in a fault, requiring the player to take their correct position.
• Faults include not executing the service properly, not serving the ball over the net, hitting the ball to the antenna, or hitting it outside the playing area.
• A foot fault of the server is also considered a fault.

Referee Responsibilities

• The 2nd referee checks that the actual positions of the players on the court correspond to those on the line-up sheets at the start of each set and whenever necessary.
• The 2nd referee decides, whistles, and signals during the match, including penetration into the opponent's court, positional faults of the receiving team, and faulty contact of the player with the net.

Game Positions

• Serving Specialist: A player who subs in just to serve, typically having a very tough or very consistent serve.
• Libero: A defensive and serve-receive specialist who wears a jersey of a different color and plays in the back row, subbing in for both middle blockers.
• Setter: The playmaker who runs the team's offense and builds up offensive scoring opportunities for the team.
• Middle Blocker: The team's best blockers, who hit mostly fast-tempo sets from the middle of the court and behind the setter.
• Outside Hitter (Left Side): Hits from the left side of the court, typically getting the most sets.
• Opposite Hitter/Right Side Hitter: Hits from the right side of the court.

Scoring System

• A team scores points by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent's court, committing faults, or receiving penalties.
• To win a game, a team must win 3 sets with a score of 25.

History of Volleyball

• William G. Morgan of Holyoke City, Massachusetts created the game called Mintonette in February 9, 1895.
• Dr. Alfred Thompson Halstead renamed it to Volleyball.
• Elwood S. Brown introduced it in the Philippines in 1910.
• Volleyball was first played as a demonstration sport in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.
• The Federation Internationale De VolleyBall (FIVB) was founded in Paris in 1947.
• Set and Spike were introduced in 1916 in the Philippines.
• The first two-man beach game was played in Santa Monica, Florida in 1930.

Volleyball Terms

• Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits the floor untouched on the receiving team's side of the court.
• Assist: Helping a teammate set up for a kill.
• Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball.
• Attacker: Also "hitter" and "spiker", a player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of terminating play.
• Attack Block: The defensive team's attempt to block a spiked ball.
• Back Row/Court: Space from baseline (endline) to attack line, with 3 players whose court positions are in this area.
• Back Set: Set delivered behind the setter.
• Baseline: The back boundary of the court, also called the endline.
• Block: One of the 6 basic skills, a defensive play by one or more front-row players meant to intercept a spiked ball.