History of the UK 1945-1979

Four main political parties in Northern Ireland, including unionists, remain significant.

Refers to Protestant groups in Northern Ireland.

A hardline Protestant political party supporting Loyalist violence.

Government intervention in the economy to redistribute resources, spurred by Keynes's ideas.

Transfer of industries from private to public ownership in the UK.

The Labour government nationalized strategic industries like transports and raw materials.

Industries like transport and crucial resources that were considered vital to the UK.

Government policies aimed at reducing regional economic disparities in the UK.

Areas in the UK designated to receive financial support for investment.

UK government agencies set up in Scotland and Wales to encourage investment.

Healthcare in Britain before the National Health Service (NHS) was privately provided and expensive, mostly benefiting the wealthy. The poor had limited access to free care.

A publicly funded healthcare system in Britain, providing free access to all, regardless of income, based on clinical need.

Limited social benefits existed before World War II, mainly for specific industries and workers.

Universal social benefits, available to everyone needing financial support (sick, unemployed), covering all industries (employees & self-employed).

Social benefits with a fixed amount for all recipients.

Beveridge expected the post war system to promote and maintain jobs, which was a goal for better support of the society.

Some charges were introduced on specific areas of the NHS, such as eye and dental treatments, or medicine (prescriptions) after the initial creation of the system.

A single type of secondary school in each area, bringing all children together, rejecting the previous hierarchy of different types of schools.

India gained independence from British rule, marking a shift to a republic government.

A new stage of the Commonwealth after India's independence, where the monarch was no longer automatically head of state.

The monarch's role in the Commonwealth changed after India's independence.

Many colonies gained independence after India, sometimes gradually, often influenced by the British government.

Newly independent colonies sometimes formed federations, but these often did not last long.

Kenya's path to independence was marked by a war against the British, and violence by both sides with violence against local people that were despised by the British.

Colonies in the north of southern Africa, later becoming Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Part of Rhodesia.

White leader in Rhodesia advocating for independence.

A derogatory term for people who were against the British involvement in Kenya.

Political groups advocating for the independence or greater autonomy of Scotland and Wales.

Financial aid granted to Scotland and Wales to potentially lessen demands for independence.

A tax on companies' profits.

Tax on the high profits of oil companies.

A period of economic growth and rising consumer spending.

A society focused on consumerism, with increased access to goods and services.

A period of low growth and high inflation, particularly in the 1970s.

Decreasing the value of the British Pound relative to other currencies.

Financial aid from the International Monetary Fund to the UK.

A nickname for Britain in the 1970s, highlighting its economic struggles.

Five key societal problems Labour aimed to address: ignorance, disease, poverty, want and squalor.

Education reforms post the Churchill coalition, making primary and secondary education compulsory and free.

Three types of secondary schools to provide different educational paths based on 11-year-old's exam results.

Affordable housing provided by local councils, mainly in the North, and later expanded across Britain.

A healthcare system established to provide medical care free at the point of use.

An economic community formed by European countries to support European farmers with increase their production, and creating a common customs policy to trading with the rest of the world.

A policy to support European farmers for increased food production within the EEC.

British governments were concerned that the CAP would increase food prices and negatively affect British consumers.

Trade agreements between Britain and its former colonies influenced British hesitations about EEC customs union.

An alternative trade organization to the EEC, without customs union or common agricultural policy.

Britain initially opposed joining the EEC due to concerns about the CAP, their trade links with the Commonwealth and perceived opposition to the EEC community.

Shift in British policy to join the EEC due to economic growth in the EEC, lessening importance of the Commonwealth, and the Suez Crisis.

France and Britain were threatened by nationalization and were ready to use their military power to protect their interests

The first two British attempts to join the European Economic Community (EEC) were rejected by France's Charles de Gaulle.

Britain eventually joined the EEC after gaining approval in 1973, marking a significant shift in European political dynamics.

A referendum was held in 1975 to decide if Britain should remain a member; a pivotal event in British political history.

Britain purchased its nuclear weapons from the USA, with location and use decided partly by the USA.

De Gaulle vetoed British EEC applications, citing concerns about Britain's island status and weak economy.

A missile system purchased from the US, now known as the Trident system; part of the UK's nuclear defence.