History of the Navajo Long Walk and Dred Scott Case

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Questions and Answers

What was a major consequence of the slavery issue in relation to the Texas Revolution?

Slavery was endorsed by the Mexican government.

The revolution was primarily fueled by economic expansion.

Cultural differences contributed to the conflict. (correct)

Texas was seeking to join the United Kingdom.

What agreement resolved the territorial dispute over the Oregon Territory?

An accord with Great Britain to extend existing borders. (correct)

A joint agreement between the United States and Mexico.

The Oregon Trail Treaty.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

What was the primary factor leading to the migration of the Mormon church to Utah?

Economic opportunity in the West.

A quest for land ownership.

Religious persecution faced in other states. (correct)

To trade with indigenous tribes.

Which of the following was NOT a territory acquired by the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

Oregon. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Wilmot Proviso aim to achieve?

Prohibit the expansion of slavery into new territories. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Gang System in relation to the Southern labor force?

A system of management for enslaved laborers in agriculture. Signup and view all the answers

What event followed Zachary Taylor's success in the Mexican War?

He was elected president. Signup and view all the answers

What was the financial term under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo regarding Mexico?

The United States paid Mexico $15,000,000. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Task System used by enslaved individuals in the southern United States?

Slaves were assigned specific tasks to complete each day and could do as they pleased once completed. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Underground Railroad?

To create a network that assisted enslaved African-Americans in escaping to freedom. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor was NOT a cause of the Panic of 1837?

Overregulation of banks by the federal government. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Panic of 1837 impact the migration patterns in the United States?

Farmers moved further west due to inability to pay mortgages. Signup and view all the answers

What significant role did Harriet Tubman play in the history of the Underground Railroad?

She made numerous trips to help enslaved individuals escape. Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty was negotiated by John Quincy Adams in 1819?

Adams-Onis Treaty. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary blame placed on Martin Van Buren during the Panic of 1837?

He failed to control the banking system effectively. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects Frederick Douglass's perspective on the Abolition movement?

He thought women played a vital role in the movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key features of the Compromise of 1850?

California was admitted as a free state. Signup and view all the answers

Who led the uprising known as Nat Turner's Rebellion?

Nat Turner Signup and view all the answers

Which party was characterized by its support for a strong national government and internal improvements?

Whig Party Signup and view all the answers

What campaign strategy did Whigs adopt to promote William Henry Harrison's candidacy?

Nominate a military hero. Signup and view all the answers

Which individual was described as a key leader of the Whig Party?

Henry Clay Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of Harrison’s quick death after taking office?

John Tyler was unexpectedly elevated to the presidency. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Democratic candidate in the election of 1856?

James Buchanan Signup and view all the answers

What was a main philosophy of the Democrat Party during this period?

Emphasis on state authority and opposition to monopolies. Signup and view all the answers

What was highlighted by Fremont's limited electoral success in the election?

He appealed primarily to northern voters. Signup and view all the answers

What did both sides initially believe about the length of the Civil War?

It would end quickly after the first battle. Signup and view all the answers

Which state declared neutrality before being forced to join the Confederacy?

Kentucky Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant reason for the Confederate States' economy?

Agriculture, particularly cotton Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House?

It effectively ended the Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

What proclamation did President Andrew Johnson issue regarding the insurrection in the South?

It stated the insurrection was over except in Texas. Signup and view all the answers

What ideology did Vice President Alexander H. Stephens describe in his cornerstone speech?

The belief in white supremacy and slavery as natural. Signup and view all the answers

What dual objectives did Robert E. Lee have in his northern advance through the Shenandoah Valley?

To gather supplies and encircle Washington, D.C. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event took place at Harper's Ferry related to military history?

The first successful application of interchangeable manufacture Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cotton is primarily produced from short staple fibers?

Upland cotton Signup and view all the answers

Who was the commanding general of the United States Army at the start of the American Civil War?

Winfield Scott Signup and view all the answers

What invention is Eli Whitney best known for?

The cotton gin Signup and view all the answers

What was Salmon P. Chase's role during the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson?

Presiding officer Signup and view all the answers

What position did Andrew Johnson hold before becoming President?

Congressman from Tennessee Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the pardons granted by Andrew Johnson to many Southerners?

It allowed the re-establishment of loyal state governments. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the new state constitutions created by Southern voters after the war?

They maintained the institution of slavery in practice. Signup and view all the answers

What were Black Codes enacted to do in the Southern states?

Regulate and control the lives of Freedmen. Signup and view all the answers

How did President Johnson respond to Radical Republicans' views on his Reconstruction plan?

He dismissed their concerns and continued his strategy. Signup and view all the answers

Who was in command of the Union Army in the West after Grant moved east?

William Tecumseh Sherman Signup and view all the answers

What significant event did Grant oversee on April 9, 1865?

The surrender of Robert E. Lee Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Polk's concerns regarding Zachary Taylor related to the 1848 Presidential Election?

Taylor's popularity could threaten Polk's presidency. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Navajos Long Walk

The U.S. Army concentrated on the Navajo after the threat from the south was removed.
The Navajo were pastoral people herding sheep in western New Mexico, Colorado, and eastern Arizona and Utah.
The Army forced them to walk to Bosque Redondo in southeastern New Mexico.
Approximately 10,000 Navajo were placed on a 40 square mile reservation with Apache tribes, but no sheep.

Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott was a slave born in Virginia.
He was moved to Alabama as a child and later sold to Missouri.
Dred Scott's owner was an Army doctor.
Scott acted as his assistant.
Scott was transferred to free territory.
Scott's owner and his family moved to Missouri, and Scott sued for his freedom, based on Missouri law that allowed for freedom when carried into free territory
A Missouri court ruled in Scott's favor, but the Missouri state supreme court reversed it
Scott, with support from his owner's son, sued in federal court.
The Supreme Court ruled against Scott, stating he was property, not a person, and couldn't sue.

John Brown's Raid

John Brown was a reformer who believed violence was necessary to end slavery in the U.S.
He participated in the Pottawatomie Creek massacre.
He led a raid on the armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859.

Stephen A. Douglas

Senator from Illinois, former Secretary of State of Illinois, and a Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court.
Drafted legislation to help the Mormon church acquire land in Illinois.
Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1845.
Elected to the Senate in 1847.
Sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.

Abraham Lincoln

Relativley unknown one-term Congressman from Illinois.
Elected to the House in 1846.
A key sponsor of the "Spot Resolution."
Debated Stephen A. Douglas in the senatorial campaign of 1858.

Texas

Americans were attracted by land, liberal immigration laws, and policies.
Many Americans came from the southern states.
Most were cotton farmers bringing their slaves with them.
Slavery was illegal under the Mexican constitution.
Cultural differences led to the Texas Revolution.

Oregon Territory

The United States and Great Britain jointly occupied the Oregon Territory.
The U.S. wanted all the territory up to 54 degrees 40 minutes north.
A treaty extended the border to the Rockies and Puget Sound.
American fur trappers were in the territory early on.
Over 5,000 Americans were in the Willamette Valley by 1845.

Utah

The Mormon Church migrated from New York to Ohio to Missouri to Illinois.
Religious beliefs made the church unpopular.
Joseph Smith was assassinated in 1844.
Brigham Young and the Council of Disciples led the migration to Utah.
11,000 people in Utah by 1850.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The United States won the war and organized a government.
Mexico surrendered roughly 1½ of its territory.
The U.S. paid $15 million to Mexico.
The U.S. acquired New Mexico west of the Rio Grande, California, Nevada, Utah, parts of Colorado, and Wyoming.

Wilmot Proviso

Congressman David Wilmot offered a rider to legislation to prohibit the expansion of slavery.
The rider was never voted on by the House.
It opposed the expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories.

Zachary Taylor

Born in Virginia and moved to Louisiana.
Served in the War of 1812, the Black Hawk War, and the Mexican War.
Elected President in 1848.
Died in office after 18 months.

Gang System

Common labor system in the South.
Laborers worked in the fields, men and women.
Their tasks included plowing, planting, weeding, harvesting, and fence mending, which varied according to the year and crop.

Task System

Most frequently seen in the rice-producing areas of the Carolinas and Georgia later Louisiana and Texas.
Each slave was assigned a specific task to complete each day.
Once the tasked was completed, the slave could work in their own gardens, fish, and hunt.

The Underground Railroad

Network of safe houses and people to help enslaved African Americans escape to free states or Canada.
Harriet Tubman made 13 trips to the South to help over 70 people escape to freedom.
Escape routes initially led to Florida, but shifted north as Florida became a part of the U.S.

Frederick Douglass

A prominent abolitionist.
Believed that women were key to the abolitionist movement.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Negotiated by John Quincy Adams.
The U.S. acquired Florida.
The U.S. renounced claims on Texas from the Louisiana Purchase.
Stabilized the boundary between the Louisiana Territory and Spanish colonial territory

The Panic of 1837

Factors included unsound lending, collapse of cotton prices, specie outflow, and restrictive lending.
Caused bank collapses, farm issues, and unemployment.
Led to large-scale migration to Texas.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Organized territories out of Indian Territories north of present-day Oklahoma.
Southerners argued for permitting slavery.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposed popular sovereignty to decide.

Compromise of 1850

California was admitted as a free state.
Fugitive Slave Law passed.
Slave trade outlawed in Washington, DC.
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular sovereignty.
Boundary established for Texas.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

1831 rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia.
Led by a charismatic, literate slave preacher, Nat Turner.
Turner's led to the deaths of at least 50 white people.

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Description

Explore two significant events in American history: the Navajo Long Walk, which forced thousands of Navajo people into a distant reservation, and the Dred Scott Decision, a landmark case regarding slavery and freedom. Understand the social and legal implications of these events and their lasting impact on Native American and African American history.