Podcast
Questions and Answers
When did Babur capture Kabul?
When did Babur capture Kabul?
1504
Which historical event led to the rise of the Sur Dynasty?
Which historical event led to the rise of the Sur Dynasty?
The defeat of Humayun in the battle of Kanauj
What was the original name of Shershah Suri?
What was the original name of Shershah Suri?
Farid
Name the battle where Akbar defeated Hemu?
Name the battle where Akbar defeated Hemu?
What was the name of the religion founded by Akbar?
What was the name of the religion founded by Akbar?
Who was the first Mughal Emperor to be called 'Zinda Pir'?
Who was the first Mughal Emperor to be called 'Zinda Pir'?
When did the Mughal empire see the invasion of Nadir Shah?
When did the Mughal empire see the invasion of Nadir Shah?
What was the title conferred upon Ram Mohan Roy by Akbar Shah II?
What was the title conferred upon Ram Mohan Roy by Akbar Shah II?
Who is considered the first great leader of the Marathas?
Who is considered the first great leader of the Marathas?
In which fort was Shivaji born?
In which fort was Shivaji born?
What does the word 'Sikh' mean?
What does the word 'Sikh' mean?
Flashcards
Chishti Order
Chishti Order
A Sufi order founded in India known for its saints like Nizamuddin Auliya.
Suhrawardi Order
Suhrawardi Order
Founded by Shaikh Shihabuddin Suhrawardi, emphasizing asceticism and spiritual regeneration.
Firdausi Order
Firdausi Order
A Sufi order established by Badruddin in Delhi, influential in Bihar with a focus on pantheistic beliefs.
Shattari Order
Shattari Order
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Qadiri Order
Qadiri Order
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Naqshbandi Order
Naqshbandi Order
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Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire
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Babur
Babur
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Humayun
Humayun
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Shershah Suri
Shershah Suri
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Akbar
Akbar
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Jahangir
Jahangir
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Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan
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Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
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Sikhism
Sikhism
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Guru Nanak
Guru Nanak
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Battle of Panipat
Battle of Panipat
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Grand Trunk Road
Grand Trunk Road
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Din Ilahi
Din Ilahi
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Tuzuk-i-Baburi
Tuzuk-i-Baburi
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Haldighati
Haldighati
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Zinda Pir
Zinda Pir
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Mumtaz Mahal
Mumtaz Mahal
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Ralph Fitch
Ralph Fitch
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Jahangir's Chain of Justice
Jahangir's Chain of Justice
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Ashtapradhan
Ashtapradhan
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Chandra Mukhi
Chandra Mukhi
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Study Notes
History of the Mughal Empire
- The Mughals originated as Turks, specifically from the Chagatai branch.
- The Mughal period is considered a second classical age (after the Gupta period).
- The Mughal Empire lasted from 1526 to 1857.
- There were 20 Mughal emperors, although only 6 are considered significant.
Key Mughal Emperors
- Babur (1526-1530): Founded the Mughal Empire, fifth descendant of Timur. Born in Farghana, 14 Feb 1483.
- Humayun (1530-1540 & 1555-1556): Son of Babur, defeated by Shershah Suri, eventually regained the empire. Ruled for just 6 months after regaining the empire.
- Shershah Suri (1540-1555): Founded the Sur dynasty, a temporary eclipse of the Mughal empire. Killed in 1545.
- Akbar (1556-1605): Conquered Gujarat in 1572, established the city of Fatehpur Sikri, abolished Jizya (religious tax).
- Jahangir (1605 - 1627): Son of Akbar, known for his love of Anarkali. Married Mehrunnisa, later known as Mumtaz Mahal. He authored an autobiography titled Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri.
- Shah Jahan (1628-1658): Famous for the Taj Mahal. Son of Jahangir.
- Aurangzeb (1658-1707): Last major Mughal emperor.
Other Historical Figures and Movements
- Suhrawardi Silsila: Founded by Shaikh Shihabuddin Suhrawardi. Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya centralized it in Multan. Saints of this order were associated with significant land holdings.
- Firdausi Silsila: Founded in Delhi by Badruddin of Samarkand, migrated to Bihar; Known for its influence.
- Shattari Silsila: Founded in India by Shah Abdullah Shattari.
- Mahdawi Movement: Initiated by Syed Muhammad Mahadi of Jaunpur, focused on people's regeneration.
- Raushaniyah Movement: Originated with Miyan Bayazid Ansari from Jalandhar, emphasized religious practices and self-denial.
- Qadiri Silsila: Syeed Muhammad Jilaui brought it to India. Dara Shikoh, son of Shah Jahan, was a follower.
- Naqshbandi Silsila: Introduced in India by Khwaja Baqi Billah, prominent in the reign of Akbar.
The Mughals' Impact
- Akbar is frequently cited as a significant reformer and leader known for his administrative reforms.
- The Mughals introduced new coins (silver Rupees and gold Ashrafi) and constructed important structures, including the Purana Qila and the city of Fatehpur Sikri.
- The Mughals also introduced the Grand Trunk Road, connecting Sohergong to Attock, a precursor to national highways in India.
- Important architectural constructions include Humayun's tomb, a predecessor to the Taj Mahal, and the Taj Mahal itself.
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