History of Social Welfare
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History of Social Welfare

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Questions and Answers

Which type of need is directly related to financial circumstances?

  • Income needs (correct)
  • Other needs
  • Social needs
  • Assumed needs
  • What concept emphasizes the use of social expenditures to manage the economy?

  • Monetarism
  • Classical economics
  • Supply-side economics
  • Keynesian economics (correct)
  • Which type of program is designed to help individuals acquire new skills or retrain?

  • Compensation programs
  • Social insurance programs
  • Skills training programs (correct)
  • Investment programs
  • Which of the following is NOT considered a part of social insurance?

    <p>Education assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of need is generally viewed as universal across society?

    <p>Assumed needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does laissez-faire economics emphasize?

    <p>No government interference in the economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic theory argues for government action to prevent economic crises?

    <p>Keynesian Economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In monetarism, what is a primary action taken to combat inflation?

    <p>Control the money supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the laissez-faire approach?

    <p>Transactions between private parties are free from state intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keynesian economics suggests that government support of the unemployed is essential for what?

    <p>Maintaining aggregate demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not typically associated with monetarism?

    <p>Welfare state support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does government intervention play in Keynesian economics?

    <p>Preventing economic downturns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices is inconsistent with laissez-faire principles?

    <p>Restrictive regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary means of production in feudalism?

    <p>Land and community resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the collapse of community welfare systems during the rise of capitalism?

    <p>Urban migration in search of work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Statute of Laborers?

    <p>To limit workers' rights and salaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Poor Law differentiate between different groups of poor individuals?

    <p>By deserving and undeserving poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relief did the Poor Law provide that focused on institutional care?

    <p>Indoor relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key characteristic of mercantilism?

    <p>Protection of domestic industries from external competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During colonial times, how did mercantilism influence Canada's economic development?

    <p>It sought to maximize material benefits for the homeland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'less eligibility' refer to in the context of the Poor Law?

    <p>A standard ensuring basic living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of program is Employment Insurance categorized as?

    <p>Contributory program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an in-kind program?

    <p>Healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are selective programs defined?

    <p>Means-tested welfare benefits targeting specific groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes cash programs from in-kind programs?

    <p>In-kind programs supply goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of program includes universal healthcare?

    <p>Universal program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of welfare benefits under social programs?

    <p>They are means-tested and targeted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a form of social assistance?

    <p>Old-age pensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the secondary distribution of goods and services refer to?

    <p>Wealth redistribution through government intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of need focuses on specific circumstances such as medical or legal issues?

    <p>Other needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes social insurance?

    <p>It provides protection against risks such as unemployment or illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary purpose of investment in human capital?

    <p>To enhance education and skills training opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach involves shifting expenditures from businesses to taxpayers for social objectives?

    <p>Keynesian economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do skills training programs primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>To assist individuals in acquiring new competencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does laissez-faire economics advocate?

    <p>Freedom from government involvement in economic transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a belief held by proponents of Keynesian economics?

    <p>Unemployment benefits help maintain overall demand in the economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of monetarism?

    <p>Reducing the money supply to control inflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do monetarists typically view high taxes?

    <p>As detrimental to economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents laissez-faire ideology?

    <p>Economic transactions should be free from government interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does government play in accordance with Keynesian economics?

    <p>To stimulate the economy during periods of recession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with Canadian monetarism?

    <p>A response that lacks the anti-welfare state rhetoric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic approach emphasizes minimal government interference to encourage economic growth?

    <p>Laissez-faire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of program is specifically categorized as a non-contributory program?

    <p>Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cash programs from in-kind programs?

    <p>Cash programs provide direct financial assistance whereas in-kind programs offer goods and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a selective program?

    <p>Social assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of universal programs?

    <p>They are available to all citizens regardless of income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are contributory programs primarily funded?

    <p>Through individual contributions or premiums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of program includes measures like childcare deductions and registered retirement savings plans?

    <p>Tax/fiscal measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes in-kind programs?

    <p>They focus on delivering goods and services instead of cash payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of voluntary and charitable measures in social policy?

    <p>To fill gaps left by government programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the rise of capitalism on community welfare systems?

    <p>Collapse of community welfare systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Statute of Laborers aim to address the labor shortage after the Black Death?

    <p>By requiring workers to return to their previous employers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main distinction did the Poor Law establish among the poor?

    <p>Deserving poor versus undeserving poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of relief did the Poor Law provide that focused on community-based support?

    <p>Outdoor relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a core principle of mercantilism as it relates to economic policy?

    <p>Maximizing exports while minimizing imports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the government's response during the passing of the Statute of Laborers?

    <p>Siding with employers over the laborers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'less eligibility' relate to in the context of the Poor Law?

    <p>Establishing a standard for welfare assistance that is lower than the lowest paid job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did migration during the rise of capitalism affect societal structures?

    <p>Disrupted existing community welfare networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prehistory of Social Welfare

    • Early forms of welfare were based on feudalism, with communities supporting their members.
    • The rise of capitalism and migration to cities led to a breakdown of traditional community welfare systems.

    The Statute of Laborers

    • The Statute of Laborers was enacted in response to labor shortages caused by the Black Death.
    • It aimed to control worker wages and mobility, favoring employers.

    The Poor Law

    • The Poor Law distinguished between "deserving" and "undeserving" poor, providing different levels of support.
    • It offered both indoor and outdoor relief, but focused on reducing the "less eligibility" standard of living, ensuring welfare recipients lived worse than the working class.

    Economic Theories

    • Mercantilism focused on government intervention to protect the economy from competitors.
    • Laissez-faire promotes a free market with minimal government interference.
    • Keynesian economics favors government intervention to prevent economic crises.
    • Monetarism emphasizes reducing the money supply to control inflation.

    Types of Programs

    • Contributory programs are social insurance programs like pension plans.
      • Employment Insurance (EI) is an example of a contributory program.
    • Non-contributory programs are social assistance like welfare benefits.
      • Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP) is an example of a non-contributory program.

    Delivery Types

    • Cash programs offer direct financial aid like old-age pensions.
    • In-kind programs provide goods and services such as healthcare and education.

    Coverage and Amount Transferred

    • Universal programs provide benefits to all citizens, like universal healthcare.
    • Selective programs target specific groups, such as means-tested welfare benefits.

    Examples of Programs

    • Cash programs: Old-age pensions (OAS), unemployment insurance (EI), workers' compensation (WC), social assistance (SA), veteran pensions.
    • Tax/Fiscal Measures: Childcare deductions, registered retirement savings plans (RRSP), medical expense deductions.
    • In-kind Programs: Medicare, social housing, provisions and shelter aid, education, legal aid.
    • Legislation: Minimum wage, employee equity.
    • Occupational Benefits: Health benefits, pension plans, sport and recreational facilities.
    • Voluntary and Charitable Measures: Food banks, shelters, soup kitchens.

    Context of Social Policy

    • Social policy is not inherent in capitalism and requires justification from various perspectives: ideological, political, and economic.

    Primary Distribution

    • In a capitalist economy, the primary distribution of goods and services occurs through the free market, where workers receive wages for their labor.

    Secondary Distribution

    • Social welfare redistributes wealth through taxation, regulations, and social programs.

    Needs and Social Policy

    • Needs are influenced by societal definitions.
    • Assumed needs include universal entitlements like child benefits.
    • Income needs are tied to poverty relief.
    • Specific needs arise from particular circumstances, such as medical or legal needs.

    Social Insurance & Compensation

    • Social insurance programs protect against social risks like unemployment or illness.
    • Compensation programs provide compensation for loss due to events like injury or military service.

    Investment in Human Capital

    • Education and training programs enhance human capital.
    • Skills training programs provide technical skills and retraining.
    • Relocation support programs aid workers in moving for job opportunities.
    • Job search information programs offer resources and guidance for employment.

    Economic Growth and Stability

    • Keynesian economics utilizes social expenditures to regulate the economy and prevent social unrest.
    • Shifting expenditures from businesses to taxpayers can achieve social goals.

    Feudalism and the Emergence of Community Welfare

    • The means of production in feudalism was primarily land and community resources.
    • Community responsibility for the well-being of its members was central.

    The Impact of Capitalism and Migration

    • The rise of capitalism led to an increase in the movement of people from rural areas to cities.
    • This migration resulted in the collapse of traditional community welfare systems.

    The Statute of Laborers

    • Passed in response to worker demands for higher salaries and better living conditions following the Black Death.
    • Required workers to return to their masters and accept whatever employment was offered, reflecting government support for employers.

    The Poor Law

    • Distinguished between the deserving poor and the undeserving poor.
    • Provided indoor relief (institutional care) and outdoor relief (community-based care).
    • Aimed to provide a less eligibility standard of living.

    Economic Theories

    • Mercantilism: Government intervention to protect the economy from competitors.
    • Laissez-faire: No government interference in the economy.
    • Keynesian Economics: Government intervention to prevent economic crises.
    • Monetarism: Reducing the money supply to prevent inflation.

    Types of Programs

    By Type of Financing

    • Contributory programs: Social insurance programs funded by contributions from individuals or employers.
    • Non-contributory programs: Social assistance programs funded by government revenue.

    By Delivery Type

    • Cash programs: Direct financial assistance, including old-age pensions and unemployment insurance.
    • In-kind programs: Provision of goods and services, such as healthcare and education.

    By Coverage and Amount

    • Universal programs: Benefits provided to all citizens, such as universal healthcare.
    • Selective programs: Benefits targeted at specific groups based on need, such as means-tested welfare benefits.

    Social Policy Context

    • Social policy is not inherent in capitalism.
    • Each social policy requires ideological, political, and economic justification.
    • The primary distribution of goods and services occurs through the free market.
    • Social welfare involves a secondary distribution of goods and services through government intervention.

    Needs and Social Policy

    • Needs are subject to social definition.
    • Assumed needs are considered universal, such as child benefits.
    • Income needs are related to income, like poverty relief.
    • Other needs are specific to individual circumstances, such as medical or legal needs.

    Social Insurance and Compensation

    • Social insurance protects against social risks such as unemployment or illness.
    • Compensation provides payment for loss, such as workers' compensation or veteran pensions.

    Investment in Human Capital

    • Education programs provide education and training.
    • Skills training programs offer skills development and retraining.
    • Relocation programs support individuals with relocation assistance.
    • Job search information programs provide guidance on job search and employment opportunities.

    Ensuring Economic Growth and Stability

    • Keynesian economics uses social expenditures to manage the economy and mitigate social unrest.
    • Shifting expenditures from business to taxpayers helps achieve social policy goals.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the evolution of social welfare from feudalism to modern economic theories. It covers significant milestones such as the Statute of Laborers and the Poor Law, reflecting on the societal impacts of these policies. Test your knowledge on how these changes shaped contemporary welfare systems.

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