History of Science and Technology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between healthcare improvements and productivity?

  • Healthcare improvements have no impact on a nation's economic output.
  • The eradication of diseases such as malaria enhances productivity. (correct)
  • Healthcare improvements initially reduce productivity but lead to long-term gains.
  • Healthcare improvements decrease overall productivity due to treatment costs.

What key role does education, based on the content provided, play in national development?

  • It serves to make a workforce more suitable for outdated technologies and systems.
  • It supports innovation and enables inclusive growth through skills training and knowledge sharing. (correct)
  • It primarily leads to social inequality due to uneven distribution of resources.
  • It distracts individuals from focusing on immediate job opportunities.

How is industrialization presented to contribute to national progress?

  • By importing high-value manufactured goods from more developed nations.
  • By investing heavily in outdated industries and preserving traditional methods.
  • By exclusively focusing on services and neglecting the manufacturing sector.
  • By producing goods locally and applying technology effectively. (correct)

What benefits does technology offer to daily living according to the provided information?

<p>Technology simplifies daily tasks, improving time management and efficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall implication of science and technology on society as presented in the article?

<p>They are essential for improving lives, advancing human capabilities, and ensuring socio-economic development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes the earliest use of tools by humans?

<p>To perform basic tasks like chopping and scraping. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Mesopotamians make to early scientific thinking?

<p>Documentation of disease symptoms and astronomical patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool was critical to the advancement of exploration during the Renaissance?

<p>The magnetic compass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the scientific work conducted by Leonardo da Vinci?

<p>Integration of art and scientific principles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these figures is best known for their contributions to the foundations of geometry?

<p>Euclid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing factor led to Galileo Galilei being known as the "Father of Modern Science"?

<p>His use of experimental methods and improved scientific tools. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the printing press invented during the Renaissance?

<p>It made books more accessible, fostering literacy and information sharing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these discoveries is attributed to Isaac Newton?

<p>The laws of motion and universal gravitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the core function of technology, as described in the text?

<p>The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key focus of the Bureau of Government Laboratories when it was established in 1901?

<p>Studying tropical diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these technological advancements is primarily associated with improving mobility and shipping across long distances?

<p>Cars, trains, and planes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contribution of the Manila Observatory, established in 1865, to science?

<p>Understanding tropical weather patterns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary driver behind the acceleration of growth in countries like Japan, China, and South Korea in the 20th century?

<p>Effective implementation of science and technology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Science Act of 1958 play in the Philippines' scientific research efforts?

<p>It created the National Science Development Board to centralize research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these pre-colonial technologies is mentioned as evidence of sophisticated engineering skills in the Philippines?

<p>The Banaue Rice Terraces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Spanish colonial period, what was prioritized by the first school of medicine and pharmacy established at the University of Santo Tomas?

<p>Public health initiatives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way the internet and communication technologies impact society?

<p>By providing faster idea exchange and connecting societies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT a typical focus of the pre-colonial technologies in the Philippines?

<p>Advanced meteorological studies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does global collaboration play in the development of science and technology among nations?

<p>It aids development through the exchange of technologies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did American influence affect the educational system in the Philippines during their period of control?

<p>It introduced English as a medium of instruction and expanded public education. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one area where technological advancements have led to significant improvements in our lives?

<p>Enhanced healthcare through online consultations and improved diagnostics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Industrial Revolution fundamentally change manufacturing?

<p>It introduced mechanized methods that enabled mass production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text suggest developed countries benefit from prioritizing science and technology?

<p>By driving innovation and hence economic progress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Industrialization

A nation's ability to produce goods locally and use technology efficiently. This is essential for economic progress.

Education Investment

Investing in quality education and skills training to encourage innovation and progress.

Time Management

Technology helps simplify daily tasks, making people more efficient with their time.

Health Improvements

Advances in medicine and fitness tools improve overall health and quality of life.

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Education Access

Technology makes learning accessible globally, through online resources and digital tools.

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Prehistoric Period

The earliest stages of human history, marked by the development of basic tools for survival and early attempts to understand the world around them.

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Middle Ages

A period characterized by significant advances in warfare, agriculture, and navigation, with the development of improved weaponry and farming tools.

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Renaissance Era

A period of scientific revolution and exploration, marked by the invention of the printing press, which revolutionized information sharing and led to major geographic discoveries.

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Gutenberg's Printing Press

The invention that transformed information sharing by making books widely accessible and promoting literacy.

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Geocentric Theory

The theory that the Earth is at the center of the universe.

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Heliocentric Theory

The theory that the Sun is at the center of the universe.

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Galileo Galilei

Known for his revolutionary discoveries in astronomy, including the phases of Venus and the moons of Jupiter, using improved telescopes.

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Isaac Newton

Famous for his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which revolutionized our understanding of physics.

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Theory of Relativity

Einstein's theory that revolutionized physics, explaining gravity and the universe's structure, and laying the foundation for nuclear energy.

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Industrial Revolution

A period marked by mechanization, where machines replaced manual labor, leading to mass production and significant advancements in technology.

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20th Century Technology

A period of rapid technological progress, from cars to airplanes, radio to space travel, shaping modern society.

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Pre-Colonial Philippines: Science and Technology

Indigenous knowledge and practices were practical and diverse, spanning agriculture, crafts, medicine, and engineering.

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Spanish Colonial Period: Science and Technology

The Spanish introduced education and scientific institutions, focusing on religion and practical skills.

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American Period: Science and Technology

The American period saw the establishment of research institutions, agricultural advancements, and reformed education.

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Post-Commonwealth Era: Science and Technology

The focus shifted to institutionalizing science and technology, with the establishment of the National Science Development Board.

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What is Science?

The systematic study of the natural world through observation, experiments, and analysis.

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What is Technology?

The application of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems and create innovative solutions using natural resources.

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Importance of Science and Technology

Science and technology are crucial drivers of national development, leading to modernization, economic growth, and improved quality of life.

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How Technology Affects Transportation

Technology has revolutionized transportation, connecting people and goods efficiently through various modes like roads, rail, air, water, and space.

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How Technology Affects Communication

Technology has dramatically improved communication, enabling faster information exchange and connectivity through various means like radio, TV, social media, and the internet.

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Science and Technology in Economic Growth

Developed nations prioritize research and development to drive innovation-driven economies, leading to economic growth and global collaboration.

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Technology's Transformative Impact

Technology advancement changes how people live, connect, and transact, with emerging fields like microprocessors, biotechnology, and nanotechnology creating significant impact.

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Study Notes

History of Science and Technology

  • Ancient Times (Origins): Science and tech emerged from human adaptation and improvement needs. Early inventions were practical but lacked scientific basis.
  • Ancient Times (Prehistoric): Basic stone tools (e.g., chopping, scraping) were used in Eastern Africa.
  • Ancient Times (Mesopotamia): Organized scientific thinking started with early records of disease, chemicals, and astronomical patterns.
  • Ancient Times (Egypt): Knowledge in wound treatment, remedies, and mathematical calculations (geometry for pyramids) emerged.
  • Ancient Times (Philosophers): Euclid laid foundations for geometry. Archimedes pioneered engineering, war machines, and pi calculations.

Middle Ages (450-1450 AD)

  • Viewed as a time of technological advancements in warfare, agriculture, and navigation. Improved weapons and farming tools were developed.

Renaissance Era (1450-1600 AD)

  • Inventions: Gutenberg's printing press revolutionized information access and literacy.
  • Pioneers: Leonardo da Vinci (polymath – art & science), Copernicus (heliocentric theory, astronomy).
  • Geographic Discoveries: Triangle sails & magnetic compass aided explorations (Henry's voyages and Columbus).

Modern Science and Technology (1600 AD onwards)

  • Galileo Galilei: "Father of Modern Science," experimental methods, telescope, microscope, thermometer. Observed moon craters & Jupiter's moons.
  • Isaac Newton: Laws of motion, universal gravitation, calculus, optics pioneer.
  • Albert Einstein: Theory of relativity, impact on physics, nuclear energy.
  • Industrial Revolution: Mass production through mechanization (steam engine & light bulb).
  • 20th Century: Improvements in transportation (cars), communication (radio), and spaceflight shaped modern society.

Science and Technology in the Philippines

  • Pre-Colonial Period: Diverse, practical indigenous technologies (e.g., rice farming, pottery, weaving, shipbuilding, medicine, Banaue Rice Terraces).
  • Spanish Colonial Period: Formal education and scientific institutions (e.g., UST, medicine & pharmacy schools). Focus on public health, government buildings, roads, bridges & churches. Manila Observatory (meteorological studies).
  • American Period (1901-1946): Research institutions (e.g., Bureau of Government Laboratories, Bureau of Science), agricultural advancements, education reforms (English).
  • Post-Commonwealth Era: Science and technology became institutionalized (Institute of Science, National Science Development Board). Lagged in industrial development due to focus on agriculture and trade policies.

Science and Technology: Exam Study Guide

  • Science: Systematic study of the natural world through observation and experiments. (Oxford definition)
  • Technology: Applying scientific knowledge for practical use; natural resource innovation.
  • Importance to National Development: Direct link to advancement in numerous sectors (Medicine, Infrastructure, Aviation, Electricity, IT) leading to modernization, global development, and economic growth.
  • Everyday Life Impact: Time-saving devices, conveniences, communication, improved healthcare, and accessible education benefit society.
  • Impact on Society: Transport (road, rail, air, water, space). Communication (radio, TV, social media, internet). Access to information and education.
  • Nation-Building: Developed nations prioritize research and development for innovation-driven economies. Global collaboration in technology exchange is crucial.
  • Developing World: Technology is key for transformative impact, particularly in emerging fields (e.g., microprocessors, biotechnology). Investment in education is pivotal.
  • Key Contributions: Time efficiency, comfort in daily tasks, health enhancements, access to global education.

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