History Of Science and Technology

Given the assertion that science and technology evolve from humanity's attempts to improve their way of life, which epistemological viewpoint best encapsulates the underlying driver of this evolution, considering its continuous and iterative nature?

Considering the earliest examples of science and technology were roughly shaped stones for chopping and scraping, primarily in Eastern Africa, how does this align with tool use among Homo habilis and what implications does it have for the cognitive archeology of that era?

If Mesopotamian cultures (~400 B.C.) contributed some of the earliest records of science, and considering their known advancements in mathematics and astronomy, which aspect of their societal structure was MOST crucial for enabling and preserving these types of scientific observations and knowledge?

Given the statement that science and technology can be traced back to the origin of human life and that each era marks significant advancement, which theoretical framework best explains the exponential progression of technological innovation over time?

Assuming that the earliest scientific records from Mesopotamian cultures around 400 B.C. included disease symptoms, chemical substances, and astronomical observations, what methodological limitation would have most challenged the validity and reliability of their conclusions, relative to modern scientific standards?

Considering the context that Philippine science and technology began before Spanish colonization and included indigenous practices related to agriculture, handicrafts and medicine, which historical theory best explains the impact of colonization on pre-existing indigenous knowledge systems?

If the early Spanish colonial period in the Philippines saw the establishment of parish schools teaching religion, reading, writing, arithmetic, and music, what latent function did these schools serve regarding the colonizers' strategic objectives beyond their manifest educational goals?

Given the historical context where the Spanish in the Philippines prioritized medicine and pharmacy, establishing institutions like the School of Medicine and Pharmacy at the University of Santo Tomas, how would a Foucauldian perspective analyze this prioritization in terms of 'biopower'?

If the Jesuits founded the Manila Observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865 to promote meteorological studies, what theological assumptions might have motivated their scientific pursuits, considering the historical tension between science and religion?

During the American period in the Philippines, science was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, and medicine due to free trade policy with the US. Which school of economic thought best explains this focus, given it nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade?

Given that Marcos declared the advancement of science and technology a priority in the 1973 Philippine Constitution and enacted laws promoting it, how might a postcolonial theorist interpret these actions in relation to neocolonialism?

Assuming Marcos assisted institutions in undertaking nuclear energy work by sending scientists abroad to study nuclear science, how could this initiative be analyzed through the lens of risk society theory?

If Galileo was the first to use modern scientific methods based on experiment, how might a Kuhnian perspective interpret his work within the broader context of the scientific revolution?

Given that the Renaissance Era is described as a rebirth of knowledge, how does this conception of history influence our understanding and potential biases when analyzing primary sources from that period?

How does the development of two-wheeled carts in Mesopotamia by 3500 B.C. challenge or reinforce prevailing theories regarding the relationship between technological innovation and socioeconomic structures in early urban societies?

In the context of the Nile Valley of Egypt, where information on medicine and mathematics existed for thousands of years, how might a performativity theory explain the role of written records and formal knowledge systems in shaping social reality and professional identities?

Considering Isaac Newton's contributions to the laws of gravity, planetary motion, calculus, and optics, what epistemic shift did his Principia Mathematica represent in the 17th century, compared to earlier modes of scientific inquiry?

Given Albert Einstein's famous equation $e=mc^2$ profoundly impacted quantum theory to nuclear power and the atom bomb, how does this equation exemplify the concept of unforeseen consequences within technological and scientific advancement?

Considering that the Industrial Revolution involved building factories to produce goods in massive quantities, which ethical framework MOST critically examines the impact this had on labor practices, resource depletion, and social inequality?

Given that the light bulb began to replace candles and oil lamps in the late 1800s, how might an environmental historian assess this transition in terms of its long-term ecological footprint and energy consumption patterns?

Considering that the 20th century gave birth to the radio, the first car, space travel, and the electronic/computer era, what philosophical implications does this rapid technological acceleration have on the concept of human identity and existential meaning?

If the Bureau of Science in the Philippines became the primary research center until World War II, how would its research priorities have reflected the shifting geopolitical landscape and colonial relationship with the United States during that period?

Given that the Banaue Rice Terraces exemplify sophisticated engineering by pre-Spanish Filipinos, what anthropological insights does this provide regarding the relationship between indigenous knowledge, environmental adaptation, and social organization?

If Copernicus stated that the sun was at the center of the solar system, how would this challenge a Ptolemaic view, and what mechanisms resisted Copernicanism?

Given that Columbus traveled to the Americas around the same time Prince Henry traveled around South Africa, what was his goal?

If magnifications stepped up by eight, and then thirty times, what instrument is known as the telescope now?

What did the discovery of copper and tin result in?

In what period were two-wheeled carts created?

If copper and tin was used to make Bronze in 3000 BC, when would the Iron Age have started?

If Euclid was the founder of modern geometry and Archimedes was the founder of engineering mechanics, what are examples of what they had published?

What did the National Science Development Board establish?

What year did the Philippine Commission establish the Bureau of Government Laboratories?

What was the focus of science during the American period?

When did the Renaissance Era in Europe begin?

What did Gutenberg develop which resulted in books being printed?

Who helped define the laws of gravity and planetary motion?

When was the Science Act passed in the Philippines?

In 1871, the school of medicine and pharmacy was opened at which university?