History of Revolutions: Key Points

Revolution is a complete change in the fundamental structure of a society, impacting political, economic, social, and cultural aspects, often through violent upheaval.

It's a significant change in the political structure of a nation, aiming to replace the current ruling power with a new government. The goal is to alter political systems while leaving the existing social structure largely intact.

A forceful seizure of power, usually undertaken by a group within the military, often lacking widespread public support.

A movement aimed at improving aspects of society, typically involving peaceful protests and lobbying for change.

A temporary outburst of rebellion against a specific issue or action, often lacking a clear and long-term objective. It's a spontaneous revolt.

A collective effort to achieve a shared goal, often involving sustained action and a vision for societal change.

A set of ideas and beliefs that form the basis for a political, social, or cultural system.

This is a sense of dedication and determination to challenge the established political order, fueled by a strong belief in the need for change and a willingness to fight for it.

This is the key element that guides a revolution, providing a clear direction and vision for the desired future. A good example is the Islamic ideology behind the Iranian Revolution.

Individuals or groups who take a leading role in organizing and motivating others during revolutionary movements. They are essential for directing efforts and achieving goals.

These are the key actors that mobilize people to participate in revolutionary activities. They work to spread the message, recruit new members, and build momentum for change.

This is a period of intense social and political upheaval, marked by large-scale protests, unrest, and often violence, that can lead to the overthrow of a government and a complete restructuring of society.

This refers to the process of building a new political and social order after a revolution. It involves establishing new institutions, laws, and structures to govern the society.

The process of modernization involves adopting modern ideas, technologies, and practices, aiming to advance a society’s economic and social development. It often involves embracing Western ideals.

This is a form of government where religious law and principles are the primary foundation of the legal system and the ruling ideology.

The philosophy of secularism advocates for the separation of religion from the state and public life. It emphasizes individuality and reason over religious authority.

The process of establishing a modern state, involving the development of institutions, infrastructure, and legal frameworks to effectively govern a nation.

This is a political ideology that advocates for a unified national identity, often based on shared language, culture, and history, seeking to promote a strong sense of national unity.

This is a type of nationalism that elevates a particular ethnicity or race to a position of superiority, often leading to discrimination and prejudice.

This is a historical period marked by significant advancements in technology, particularly in manufacturing and industry, which led to major economic and social changes.

This was a period of intense colonial expansion by European powers who sought to control territories and resources in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

This refers to the influence of Western cultures and ideas on other parts of the world.

A political system where power is concentrated in the hands of a single ruler, often inherited through family lines, and the ruler has absolute control over the government.

This refers to the process of gaining independence from colonial rule, often achieved through political movements and revolutions.

This is a period of significant political, social, and cultural change in Iran, initiated by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, where the monarchy was overthrown and an Islamic Republic was established.

This refers to the belief in the inherent equality and rights of all people, regardless of their ethnicity, religion, or other social characteristics.

This refers to the Islamic concept of a spiritual and political leader who is considered to be the successor of Muhammad.

This is a powerful religious and political authority in Shia Islam. It is a high-ranking cleric who is considered to be a source of religious guidance and leadership.

The Iranian revolution of 1979 is considered to be a social revolution because it fundamentally altered the Iranian political, social, and cultural landscape by replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic.

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 can be viewed as a success because it achieved its primary goal of overthrowing the monarchy and establishing an Islamic Republic, even though it faced numerous challenges and has also been marked by periods of conflict and political instability.