History of Psychology: Ancient Roots
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Questions and Answers

What was Hippocrates' contribution to the understanding of mental health?

  • He developed the concept of phrenology
  • He proposed that thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from the brain, not the heart (correct)
  • He studied the neural signaling pathways
  • He discovered the function of the myelin sheath

What is an example of how behaviors evolved as adaptations to solve problems of survival and reproduction?

  • The development of language
  • Fear stimuli increasing chances of survival and reproduction in a bad environment (correct)
  • The development of the myelin sheath
  • The development of the synaptic transmission

What was the significance of Phineas Gage's accident?

  • It led to the development of phrenology
  • It led to the discovery of the neural signaling pathways
  • It showed the importance of the myelin sheath
  • It provided insight into the functions of the frontal lobe (correct)

What was phrenology, and was it scientifically accurate?

<p>A theory involving mapping the skull to determine personality, traits, intelligence, and other characteristics; it was scientifically inaccurate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did ancient Egyptian doctors link to behavioral changes?

<p>Traumatic brain injuries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when participants experience changes in their behavior or health due to their own expectations from receiving a treatment?

<p>Placebo Effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in research?

<p>To verify the results are not due to chance or specific conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the research strategy using a variety of research techniques to investigate an experiment and research result?

<p>Converging Operations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Descartes, what is the relationship between the mind and body?

<p>The mind and body are separate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is responsible for fine motor skills?

<p>Cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time?

<p>Sensory adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which light is converted into neural signals?

<p>Phototransduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ganglion cells in the retina?

<p>To gather information from photoreceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that explains how we see color?

<p>Trichromatic color theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the center of the retina responsible for?

<p>Fine detail and color vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dorsal stream in the visual pathway?

<p>Processing the object's spatial location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between trichromatic theory and opponent process theory?

<p>Trichromatic theory deals with three colors, whereas opponent process theory deals with opposing pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar objects?

<p>Visual Agnosia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the differing retinal images each eye picks up?

<p>Retinal Disparity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of visual processing in cats?

<p>Hubel and Wiesel's Study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the idea that speech perception is multimodal?

<p>McGurk Effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe in the visual pathway?

<p>Processing the object's spatial location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar faces?

<p>Prosopagnosia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the signals sent from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve?

<p>Transduced Signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the visual pathway that identifies and recognizes objects?

<p>Ventral Stream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany?

<p>Wilhelm Wundt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Wilhelm Wundt's reaction time studies?

<p>How people perceive and process stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors?

<p>Functionalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the approach that focuses on the internal processes, but in a scientific and measurable way?

<p>Cognitive Psychologists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of Structuralism in psychology?

<p>It is difficult to measure internal perception objectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychophysics?

<p>The measurement of the strength of a stimulus and the observer's sensitivity to that stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish between two stimuli?

<p>Just Noticeable Difference (JND) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of perceptual processing that involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

<p>Top-down processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a response to a stimulus that depends on a person's sensitivity and on a person's decision criteria?

<p>Signal detection theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to produce a response by a sense 50% of the time?

<p>Absolute threshold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term WEIRD in the context of psychological research?

<p>It highlights the potential for biases and generalizations in psychological research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the scientific method in psychology?

<p>To minimize biases and ensure objectivity in research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hindsight bias in the context of research methods?

<p>The tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after it has occurred. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cross-cultural psychology?

<p>Drawing comparisons about individuals and group behaviors across cultures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in the scientific method?

<p>To make a prediction about the outcome of a study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany and studying reaction time?

<p>Wilhelm Wundt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors?

<p>Functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Structuralism in psychology?

<p>It focused on internal perception, which is difficult to measure objectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in psychology focuses on internal processes but in a scientific and measurable way?

<p>Cognitive Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Phineas Gage's accident in the study of psychology?

<p>It linked the frontal lobes with decision making and behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish between two stimuli?

<p>Just Noticeable Difference (JND) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to produce a response by a sense 50% of the time?

<p>Absolute threshold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a response to a stimulus that depends on a person's sensitivity and on a person's decision criteria?

<p>Signal Detection Theory (SDT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of perceptual processing that involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

<p>Top-Down Processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited as the father of psychophysics?

<p>Gustav Fechner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the opponent process theory in color perception?

<p>To register one color at a time as opposing pairs cancel each other out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the visual pathway is responsible for processing the spatial location of objects?

<p>Parietal lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar objects?

<p>Visual Agnosia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ventral stream in the visual pathway?

<p>To identify and recognize objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the differing retinal images each eye picks up?

<p>Retinal disparity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trichromatic theory in color perception?

<p>To detect the three primary colors of light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the idea that speech perception is multimodal?

<p>McGurk effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the primary visual cortex in the visual pathway?

<p>To receive signals from the retina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of hearing loss that occurs when the receptors of the cochlea are damaged?

<p>Sensory neural loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar faces?

<p>Prosopagnosia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of psychological research highlighted by the term WEIRD?

<p>It is biased towards educated and industrialized populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Medulla in the brain structure?

<p>Regulation of heart rate, circulation, and respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the scientific method in psychology?

<p>To minimize biases and ensure reliable outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after it has occurred?

<p>Hindsight bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following research strategies is best suited to investigate an experiment and research result?

<p>Converging Operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when participants experience changes in their behavior or health due to their own expectations from receiving a treatment?

<p>Placebo Effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cross-cultural psychology?

<p>Comparing group behaviors across cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the scientific method that involves testing a hypothesis through experiments and observations?

<p>Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating heart rate, circulation, and respiration?

<p>Medulla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the philosophy that states the mind and body are separate entities?

<p>Cartesianism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ancient Greek physician is credited with proposing that thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from the brain, not the heart?

<p>Hippocrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scientific concept explains how human behaviors evolved as adaptations to solve problems of survival and reproduction?

<p>Natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique, developed from medicine, contributed to the idea that specific parts of the brain have specific functions?

<p>Phrenology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the case study of Phineas Gage provide insight into?

<p>The function of different brain parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept from medicine helped localize and understand the functions of each part of the brain?

<p>Techniques and concepts from medicine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating sleep, wakefulness, and arousal?

<p>Reticular Formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is involved in the regulation of motor movements, pain management, and alertness?

<p>Tegmentum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for visual processing and eye movement?

<p>Tectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is responsible for encoding memory and processing sound?

<p>Temporal Lobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is responsible for interpreting visual information and languages?

<p>Parietal Lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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