History of Psychology: Ancient Roots

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What was Hippocrates' contribution to the understanding of mental health?

He developed the concept of phrenology

He proposed that thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from the brain, not the heart (correct)

He studied the neural signaling pathways

He discovered the function of the myelin sheath

What is an example of how behaviors evolved as adaptations to solve problems of survival and reproduction?

The development of language

Fear stimuli increasing chances of survival and reproduction in a bad environment (correct)

The development of the myelin sheath

The development of the synaptic transmission

What was the significance of Phineas Gage's accident?

It led to the development of phrenology

It led to the discovery of the neural signaling pathways

It showed the importance of the myelin sheath

It provided insight into the functions of the frontal lobe (correct)

What was phrenology, and was it scientifically accurate?

A theory involving mapping the skull to determine personality, traits, intelligence, and other characteristics; it was scientifically inaccurate Signup and view all the answers

What did ancient Egyptian doctors link to behavioral changes?

Traumatic brain injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when participants experience changes in their behavior or health due to their own expectations from receiving a treatment?

Placebo Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in research?

To verify the results are not due to chance or specific conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the research strategy using a variety of research techniques to investigate an experiment and research result?

Converging Operations Signup and view all the answers

According to Descartes, what is the relationship between the mind and body?

The mind and body are separate Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is responsible for fine motor skills?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time?

Sensory adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which light is converted into neural signals?

Phototransduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ganglion cells in the retina?

To gather information from photoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that explains how we see color?

Trichromatic color theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the center of the retina responsible for?

Fine detail and color vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dorsal stream in the visual pathway?

Processing the object's spatial location Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between trichromatic theory and opponent process theory?

Trichromatic theory deals with three colors, whereas opponent process theory deals with opposing pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar objects?

Visual Agnosia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the differing retinal images each eye picks up?

Retinal Disparity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of visual processing in cats?

Hubel and Wiesel's Study Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the idea that speech perception is multimodal?

McGurk Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe in the visual pathway?

Processing the object's spatial location Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar faces?

Prosopagnosia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the signals sent from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve?

Transduced Signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the visual pathway that identifies and recognizes objects?

Ventral Stream Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany?

Wilhelm Wundt Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Wilhelm Wundt's reaction time studies?

How people perceive and process stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors?

Functionalism Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the approach that focuses on the internal processes, but in a scientific and measurable way?

Cognitive Psychologists Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of Structuralism in psychology?

It is difficult to measure internal perception objectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychophysics?

The measurement of the strength of a stimulus and the observer's sensitivity to that stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish between two stimuli?

Just Noticeable Difference (JND) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of perceptual processing that involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

Top-down processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a response to a stimulus that depends on a person's sensitivity and on a person's decision criteria?

Signal detection theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to produce a response by a sense 50% of the time?

Absolute threshold Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term WEIRD in the context of psychological research?

It highlights the potential for biases and generalizations in psychological research. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the scientific method in psychology?

To minimize biases and ensure objectivity in research. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hindsight bias in the context of research methods?

The tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after it has occurred. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cross-cultural psychology?

Drawing comparisons about individuals and group behaviors across cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in the scientific method?

To make a prediction about the outcome of a study. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany and studying reaction time?

Wilhelm Wundt Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors?

Functionalism Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Structuralism in psychology?

It focused on internal perception, which is difficult to measure objectively Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in psychology focuses on internal processes but in a scientific and measurable way?

Cognitive Psychology Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Phineas Gage's accident in the study of psychology?

It linked the frontal lobes with decision making and behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish between two stimuli?

Just Noticeable Difference (JND) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to produce a response by a sense 50% of the time?

Absolute threshold Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a response to a stimulus that depends on a person's sensitivity and on a person's decision criteria?

Signal Detection Theory (SDT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of perceptual processing that involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

Top-Down Processing Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited as the father of psychophysics?

Gustav Fechner Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the opponent process theory in color perception?

To register one color at a time as opposing pairs cancel each other out Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the visual pathway is responsible for processing the spatial location of objects?

Parietal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar objects?

Visual Agnosia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ventral stream in the visual pathway?

To identify and recognize objects Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the differing retinal images each eye picks up?

Retinal disparity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trichromatic theory in color perception?

To detect the three primary colors of light Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the idea that speech perception is multimodal?

McGurk effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the primary visual cortex in the visual pathway?

To receive signals from the retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of hearing loss that occurs when the receptors of the cochlea are damaged?

Sensory neural loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar faces?

Prosopagnosia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of psychological research highlighted by the term WEIRD?

It is biased towards educated and industrialized populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Medulla in the brain structure?

Regulation of heart rate, circulation, and respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the scientific method in psychology?

To minimize biases and ensure reliable outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after it has occurred?

Hindsight bias Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following research strategies is best suited to investigate an experiment and research result?

Converging Operations Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when participants experience changes in their behavior or health due to their own expectations from receiving a treatment?

Placebo Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cross-cultural psychology?

Comparing group behaviors across cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the scientific method that involves testing a hypothesis through experiments and observations?

Research Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating heart rate, circulation, and respiration?

Medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the philosophy that states the mind and body are separate entities?

Cartesianism Signup and view all the answers

What ancient Greek physician is credited with proposing that thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from the brain, not the heart?

Hippocrates Signup and view all the answers

What scientific concept explains how human behaviors evolved as adaptations to solve problems of survival and reproduction?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What technique, developed from medicine, contributed to the idea that specific parts of the brain have specific functions?

Phrenology Signup and view all the answers

What did the case study of Phineas Gage provide insight into?

The function of different brain parts Signup and view all the answers

What concept from medicine helped localize and understand the functions of each part of the brain?

Techniques and concepts from medicine Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating sleep, wakefulness, and arousal?

Reticular Formation Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is involved in the regulation of motor movements, pain management, and alertness?

Tegmentum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for visual processing and eye movement?

Tectum Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is responsible for encoding memory and processing sound?

Temporal Lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is responsible for interpreting visual information and languages?

Parietal Lobe Signup and view all the answers

History of Psychology: Ancient Roots

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Questions and Answers

What was Hippocrates' contribution to the understanding of mental health?

What is an example of how behaviors evolved as adaptations to solve problems of survival and reproduction?

What was the significance of Phineas Gage's accident?

What was phrenology, and was it scientifically accurate?

What did ancient Egyptian doctors link to behavioral changes?

What is the term for when participants experience changes in their behavior or health due to their own expectations from receiving a treatment?

What is the purpose of replication in research?

What is the term for the research strategy using a variety of research techniques to investigate an experiment and research result?

According to Descartes, what is the relationship between the mind and body?

What part of the brain is responsible for fine motor skills?

What is the term for the decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time?

What is the process by which light is converted into neural signals?

What is the purpose of ganglion cells in the retina?

What is the theory that explains how we see color?

What is the center of the retina responsible for?

What is the primary function of the dorsal stream in the visual pathway?

What is the main difference between trichromatic theory and opponent process theory?

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar objects?

What is the term for the differing retinal images each eye picks up?

What is the term for the study of visual processing in cats?

What is the term for the idea that speech perception is multimodal?

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe in the visual pathway?

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar faces?

What is the term for the signals sent from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve?

What is the term for the part of the visual pathway that identifies and recognizes objects?

Who is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany?

What was the focus of Wilhelm Wundt's reaction time studies?

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors?

Who is associated with the approach that focuses on the internal processes, but in a scientific and measurable way?

What is a limitation of Structuralism in psychology?

What is the primary focus of psychophysics?

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish between two stimuli?

What is the term for the type of perceptual processing that involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

What is the term for a response to a stimulus that depends on a person's sensitivity and on a person's decision criteria?

What is the term for the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to produce a response by a sense 50% of the time?

What is the significance of the term WEIRD in the context of psychological research?

What is the primary goal of the scientific method in psychology?

What is the hindsight bias in the context of research methods?

What is the primary focus of cross-cultural psychology?

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Which psychologist is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany and studying reaction time?

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors?

What was a limitation of Structuralism in psychology?

Which approach in psychology focuses on internal processes but in a scientific and measurable way?

What is the significance of Phineas Gage's accident in the study of psychology?

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish between two stimuli?

What is the term for the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to produce a response by a sense 50% of the time?

What is the term for a response to a stimulus that depends on a person's sensitivity and on a person's decision criteria?

What is the term for the type of perceptual processing that involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

Who is credited as the father of psychophysics?

What is the primary function of the opponent process theory in color perception?

Which part of the visual pathway is responsible for processing the spatial location of objects?

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar objects?

What is the primary function of the ventral stream in the visual pathway?

What is the term for the differing retinal images each eye picks up?

What is the primary function of the trichromatic theory in color perception?

What is the term for the idea that speech perception is multimodal?

What is the primary function of the primary visual cortex in the visual pathway?

What is the term for the type of hearing loss that occurs when the receptors of the cochlea are damaged?

What is the term for the failure to recognize familiar faces?

What is the primary limitation of psychological research highlighted by the term WEIRD?

What is the primary function of the Medulla in the brain structure?

What is the primary goal of the scientific method in psychology?

What is the term for the tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after it has occurred?

Which of the following research strategies is best suited to investigate an experiment and research result?

What is the term for when participants experience changes in their behavior or health due to their own expectations from receiving a treatment?

What is the primary focus of cross-cultural psychology?

What is the primary component of the scientific method that involves testing a hypothesis through experiments and observations?

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating heart rate, circulation, and respiration?

What is the name of the philosophy that states the mind and body are separate entities?

What ancient Greek physician is credited with proposing that thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from the brain, not the heart?

What scientific concept explains how human behaviors evolved as adaptations to solve problems of survival and reproduction?

What technique, developed from medicine, contributed to the idea that specific parts of the brain have specific functions?

What did the case study of Phineas Gage provide insight into?

What concept from medicine helped localize and understand the functions of each part of the brain?

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating sleep, wakefulness, and arousal?

Which brain structure is involved in the regulation of motor movements, pain management, and alertness?