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Questions and Answers
Before the Middle Ages, pharmacy and medicine were practiced?
Before the Middle Ages, pharmacy and medicine were practiced?
- only by traditional healers
- together without a conscious effort of specialization (correct)
- separately with defined medical practitioners and pharmacists
- only by gods and goddesses
What was unique about the healing profession during ancient times?
What was unique about the healing profession during ancient times?
- It involved the employment of supernatural powers and religion (correct)
- It only involved the use of drugs and natural products
- It was only practiced by women
- It was only practiced by men
What did the Greeks seek around 460 BC?
What did the Greeks seek around 460 BC?
- A rational explanation for the treatment of diseases (correct)
- A way to combine medicine and pharmacy
- A way to reject religion
- A way to use only supernatural powers for healing
What did the Greeks do when lay medicine failed?
What did the Greeks do when lay medicine failed?
Who is the god of light and the sun in Greek and Roman mythology?
Who is the god of light and the sun in Greek and Roman mythology?
Who is Apollo's father?
Who is Apollo's father?
What is Asclepius often depicted with?
What is Asclepius often depicted with?
What was Apollo's role in ancient Greek and Roman mythology?
What was Apollo's role in ancient Greek and Roman mythology?
What is Apollo associated with in terms of medicine and healing?
What is Apollo associated with in terms of medicine and healing?
Who is the Greek god of medicine and healing?
Who is the Greek god of medicine and healing?
How many daughters did Asclepius have?
How many daughters did Asclepius have?
Where was Asclepius' most famous sanctuary located?
Where was Asclepius' most famous sanctuary located?
What is the main attribute of Asclepius?
What is the main attribute of Asclepius?
What does the name Asclepius mean?
What does the name Asclepius mean?
Why was Asclepius' mother killed?
Why was Asclepius' mother killed?
Who rescued Asclepius from his mother's womb?
Who rescued Asclepius from his mother's womb?
What was the title changed to from 'trainee dispenser'?
What was the title changed to from 'trainee dispenser'?
How long did the trainee pharmacist course last?
How long did the trainee pharmacist course last?
What was the outcome of completing an apprenticeship and passing the government druggists qualifying examination?
What was the outcome of completing an apprenticeship and passing the government druggists qualifying examination?
Who instituted night classes in both theory and practical in Pharmacy?
Who instituted night classes in both theory and practical in Pharmacy?
What was the purpose of the night classes instituted by Mr. Allman?
What was the purpose of the night classes instituted by Mr. Allman?
What characterizes the older generations still in practice?
What characterizes the older generations still in practice?
What led to a gap in pharmaceutical services?
What led to a gap in pharmaceutical services?
What was the outcome of the bill passed in England in 1851?
What was the outcome of the bill passed in England in 1851?
What was the main objective of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain?
What was the main objective of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain?
When did the government of Ghana decide to establish a school to train personnel to dispense doctors' prescriptions?
When did the government of Ghana decide to establish a school to train personnel to dispense doctors' prescriptions?
Who was recruited to train local personnel in the act of dispensing in Ghana?
Who was recruited to train local personnel in the act of dispensing in Ghana?
What was the entrance qualification for the training program in Ghana?
What was the entrance qualification for the training program in Ghana?
What was the duration of the training program in Ghana?
What was the duration of the training program in Ghana?
What was the maximum enrolment for the training program in Ghana?
What was the maximum enrolment for the training program in Ghana?
What is the purpose of the Food and Drugs Law 1992, PNDCL 305B?
What is the purpose of the Food and Drugs Law 1992, PNDCL 305B?
Which of the following is a subgroup of PSGH?
Which of the following is a subgroup of PSGH?
What is the role of the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA)?
What is the role of the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA)?
What was the Pharmacy and Drugs Act 64, 1961, responsible for?
What was the Pharmacy and Drugs Act 64, 1961, responsible for?
What is PSGH?
What is PSGH?
What is the purpose of the Food and Drugs (Amendment) Act 523, 1996?
What is the purpose of the Food and Drugs (Amendment) Act 523, 1996?
What is the full form of heFRA?
What is the full form of heFRA?
What is the purpose of the Health Facilities Regulatory Agency (heFRA)?
What is the purpose of the Health Facilities Regulatory Agency (heFRA)?
Study Notes
Before the Middle Ages (5th - 15th Century)
- Pharmacy and medicine were practiced together without specialization.
- There were no defined medical practitioners or pharmacists.
- Healing practitioners employed supernatural powers and religion in addition to drugs and natural products.
Ancient Greece
- The Greeks sought rational explanations for the treatment of diseases around 460 BC.
- They did not reject religion and placed the supernatural in a separate category.
- Asclepius and Apollo were the greatest healing gods in Greek mythology.
- Apollo was the god of light, truth, prophecy, medicine, healing, plague, music, poetry, arts, and archery.
- Apollo was worshiped in both ancient Greek and Roman mythology.
- Asclepius was the Greek god of medicine and healing, son of Apollo and Coronis.
- Asclepius had five daughters: Aceso, Iaso, Panacea, Aglea, and Hygieia.
Symbol of Pharmacy
- The symbol of pharmacy is a physician's staff with an Asclepian snake wrapped around it.
- This symbol is attributed to Asclepius, who received the name "to cut open" due to the circumstances surrounding his birth.
History of Pharmacy in Ghana
- In 1897, the government of Ghana (then Gold Coast) decided to establish a school to train personnel to dispense doctors' prescriptions.
- The early organization of the training is not clear, but in about 1923, Sergeant Hart was recruited to train local personnel in dispensing at the only hospital in Accra.
- The course content was upgraded, and the title "trainee dispenser" changed to "trainee pharmacist".
- A 3-year course was introduced, and successful candidates passed out with a certificate of competency.
- The apprenticeship training scheme emerged, where a would-be dispenser registers as an apprentice of a qualified dispenser and understudies him in the shop for a period.
Laws and Regulations Governing Pharmacy Practice
- The Food and Drugs Board (FDB) was established by the Food and Drugs Law 1992, PNDCL 305B.
- The law has since been amended by the Food and Drugs (Amendment) Act 523, 1996 to provide for the fortification of salt to alleviate nutritional deficiencies and to bring the provisions of the law in conformity with the 1992 constitution.
- Before 1990, the control of drugs and the practice of pharmacy profession were under the Pharmacy and Drugs Act 64, 1961.
Pharmaceutical Society of Ghana (PSGH)
- The PSGH has a constitution, bye-laws, and a code of ethics.
- Sub-groups of PSGH include GHOSPA, CPPA, LAPAG, ARSPA, GPSA, IPA, and AREPI.
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Description
Learn about the early days of pharmacy and medicine, when they were practiced together without specialization and how the healing profession evolved.
