27 Questions
Who developed the first systematic approach for personal identification?
Alphonse Bertillon
Which individual proposed the use of fingerprints as a form of signature in India in 1858?
Herschel
Who developed a 10-digit fingerprint classification system that was adopted by Scotland Yard in 1901?
Sir Edward Henry
Why did bertillonage fall into disfavor?
Results susceptible to error
What is the main focus of fingerprint individualization?
Identifying central core patterns and examining ridge details for individual characteristics
What are some challenges in fingerprint analysis?
Smudged, partial, and distorted prints
What is a criticism of ACE-V in fingerprint analysis?
Lack of standards in the number of required points of comparison and potential bias in the examination process
What is a significant source for the study of fingerprint evidence mentioned in the text?
The Mayfield case review by the FBI's Office of the Inspector General
Why is the admissibility of fingerprint evidence questioned?
Reliability concerns and its cost to the justice system
What are some methods used for developing latent prints?
Powder dusting, iodine fuming, and super glue fuming
What are some friction ridge patterns similar to fingerprints?
Palm and sole prints
What does palm print terminology include?
Palmar, thenar, hypothenar, and carpal delta zones.
What does foot print terminology include?
Calcar, ball pattern, plantar pattern, and tread zones.
Are lip prints considered individual?
Yes, lip prints are individual.
What do miscellaneous patterns such as ear tattoos contribute to?
The broader scope of forensic analysis.
What did Galton establish about fingerprint individuality?
There are 64 billion possible fingerprint variations
What is the basis for the classification of fingerprints into loops, whorls, and arches?
Ridge characteristics
When was the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) introduced?
1999
What type of prints can crime scene prints be?
Patent (visible) or latent (invisible)
What is the main reason for the permanence of fingerprints throughout an individual's lifetime?
Friction skin ridges
What was the case that addressed the admissibility of fingerprint evidence in U.S. court in 1910?
People v Jennings
What does AFIS use for identification?
Digital minutiae
Who established the concept of fingerprint formation related to skin layers, pores, and scarring effects?
None of the above
How many comparisons are typically required for fingerprint differentiation based on ridge characteristics?
10 to 16 comparisons
In what year did FBI establish its fingerprint database?
1924
What forms the basis for identification systems used for classifying fingerprints into loops, whorls, and arches?
Ridge characteristics
What is the composition of crime scene prints that may require different processing methods?
Patent (visible) or latent (invisible)
Study Notes
Forensic Science and Fingerprint Analysis
- Fingerprint individualization involves identifying central core patterns and examining ridge details for individual characteristics.
- Criticisms of ACE-V include lack of standards in the number of required points of comparison and potential bias in the examination process.
- Challenges in fingerprint analysis arise from smudged, partial, and distorted prints.
- The Mayfield case review by the FBI's Office of the Inspector General is a significant source for the study of fingerprint evidence.
- The admissibility of fingerprint evidence is questioned due to reliability concerns and its cost to the justice system.
- Developing latent prints involves physical methods such as powder dusting and chemical methods like iodine fuming and super glue fuming.
- Different techniques are used for developing palm and sole prints, which have friction ridge patterns similar to fingerprints.
- Palm print terminology includes palmar, thenar, hypothenar, and carpal delta zones.
- Foot print terminology includes calcar, ball pattern, plantar pattern, and tread zones.
- Lip prints are individual, and other miscellaneous patterns such as ear tattoos and fingernail striation patterns may also be individual.
- The study of lip prints, ear tattoos, and fingernail striation patterns contributes to the broader scope of forensic analysis.
- The text provides valuable information on various forensic science techniques and their applications in criminalistics.
Fingerprint Identification and Forensic Science
- Admissibility of fingerprint evidence in U.S. court in 1910, People v Jennings
- FBI establishes its fingerprint database in 1924
- Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) introduced in 1999
- Fingerprint individuality established by Galton, with 64 billion possible fingerprint variations
- Ridge characteristics used for fingerprint differentiation, with 10 to 16 comparisons typically required
- Fingerprint permanence throughout an individual's lifetime due to friction skin ridges
- Fingerprint formation related to skin layers, pores, and scarring effects
- Classification of fingerprints into loops, whorls, and arches, forming the basis for identification systems
- Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) uses digital minutiae for identification
- Crime scene prints can be patent (visible) or latent (invisible), requiring development methods
- Various types of crime scene prints, including plastic prints and latent prints
- Fingerprint residue composition and processing methods for crime scenes
Test your knowledge of the history of personal identification methods, including the development of anthropometry by Alphonse Bertillon, the ancient use of fingerprinting in China, and the proposal of a fingerprint system for identifying prisoners by Sir William Herschel in India.
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