History of Nursing

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary belief about spirits in the Theory of Animism?

  • Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness and death (correct)
  • Good spirits brought sickness and death
  • Evil spirits brought health
  • Both good and evil spirits brought health

During the Ancient Greek civilization, where did medical care predominantly take place?

  • In the temples (correct)
  • In people's homes
  • In community centers
  • In public squares

What was a significant change during the Early Christian period regarding nursing roles?

  • Deaconesses made visits to the sick (correct)
  • Nurses stopped practicing as nurse-midwives
  • Male and female nursing orders were founded during the Renaissance
  • Nurses were recruited from prominent families

What was a notable shift that occurred in the 16th century regarding nursing?

<p>Transition to a focus on warfare and exploration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with establishing the first training school for nurses?

<p>Florence Nightingale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event led to the broadening of the role of nurses in World War II?

<p>World War II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major development occurred in nursing during the 1950s to the present day?

<p>Growth of nursing as a professional discipline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing?

<p>Diagnosis of diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT one of the four blended competencies of nursing?

<p>Diagnostic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles is NOT mentioned as one of the interrelated roles of nurses?

<p>Diagnostician (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT considered a factor affecting health?

<p>Medical insurance coverage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the aims of nursing mentioned in the passage?

<p>Diagnose diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines of Healthy People 2030 for health promotion?

<p>Provide universal healthcare coverage to all citizens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, during which historical period did nursing roles become more formally defined?

<p>Early Christian period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the 16th century is TRUE according to the passage?

<p>There was a shortage of nurses, leading to the recruitment of female criminals to care for the sick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following statements about Florence Nightingale is NOT true?

<p>She introduced the concept of evidence-based practice in nursing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what was a significant development in nursing after World War II?

<p>The growth of nursing as a professional discipline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Historical Perspective of Nursing

  • Theory of animism: good spirits brought health, evil spirits brought sickness and death; nurse and physician roles separate and distinct
  • Ancient Greek civilization: temples became center of medical care; nurses cared for the sick in the home and community; practiced as nurse-midwives
  • Early Christian period: nursing role became more formal and clearly defined; deaconesses made visits to the sick; male and female nursing orders were founded during the Crusades
  • 16th century: shift from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge; shortage of nurses led to recruitment of female criminals to care for the sick
  • 19th to 20th centuries: social reforms changed the roles of nurses and women; nursing as we know it began, based on Florence Nightingale's beliefs
  • 19th to 21st centuries: hospital schools organized to provide staff; female nurses were under control of male hospital administrators and physicians
  • World War II: large numbers of women worked outside the home and became more independent; explosion in medicine and technology broadened the role of nurses
  • 1950s to present: nursing broadened in all areas; efforts were directed at upgrading nursing education, practice in various health care settings, and development of a specific body of knowledge

Definitions of Nursing

  • Originated from the Latin word "nutrix" (to nourish)
  • ICN definition: promotion of health, prevention of illness, advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, and participation in shaping health policy
  • ANA definition: social policy statement; patient is central focus of all definitions, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions

QSEN Competencies

  • Patient-centered care
  • Teamwork and collaboration
  • Quality improvement
  • Safety
  • Evidence-based practice
  • Informatics

Nursing's Aims

  • Promote health
  • Prevent illness
  • Restore health
  • Facilitate coping with disability or death

Four Blended Competencies

  • Cognitive
  • Technical
  • Interpersonal
  • Ethical/legal

Interrelated Roles

  • Communicator
  • Teacher
  • Counselor
  • Leader
  • Researcher
  • Advocate
  • Collaborator

Factors Affecting Health

  • Genetic inheritance
  • Cognitive abilities
  • Educational level
  • Race and ethnicity; culture
  • Age and biologic sex
  • Developmental level
  • Lifestyle; environment
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Health Literacy

Professional Nursing Organizations

  • International Nursing Organization (ICN)
  • National Nursing Organizations (ANA, NLN, AACN, AAN, NSNA)
  • Specialty Practice and Special-Interest Nursing Organizations

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