17 Questions
What was the primary belief about spirits in the Theory of Animism?
Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness and death
During the Ancient Greek civilization, where did medical care predominantly take place?
In the temples
What was a significant change during the Early Christian period regarding nursing roles?
Deaconesses made visits to the sick
What was a notable shift that occurred in the 16th century regarding nursing?
Transition to a focus on warfare and exploration
Who is credited with establishing the first training school for nurses?
Florence Nightingale
What historical event led to the broadening of the role of nurses in World War II?
World War II
What major development occurred in nursing during the 1950s to the present day?
Growth of nursing as a professional discipline
Which of the following is NOT included in the International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing?
Diagnosis of diseases
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT one of the four blended competencies of nursing?
Diagnostic
Which of the following roles is NOT mentioned as one of the interrelated roles of nurses?
Diagnostician
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT considered a factor affecting health?
Medical insurance coverage
Which of the following is NOT one of the aims of nursing mentioned in the passage?
Diagnose diseases
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines of Healthy People 2030 for health promotion?
Provide universal healthcare coverage to all citizens
According to the passage, during which historical period did nursing roles become more formally defined?
Early Christian period
Which of the following statements about the 16th century is TRUE according to the passage?
There was a shortage of nurses, leading to the recruitment of female criminals to care for the sick
According to the passage, which of the following statements about Florence Nightingale is NOT true?
She introduced the concept of evidence-based practice in nursing
According to the passage, what was a significant development in nursing after World War II?
The growth of nursing as a professional discipline
Study Notes
Historical Perspective of Nursing
- Theory of animism: good spirits brought health, evil spirits brought sickness and death; nurse and physician roles separate and distinct
- Ancient Greek civilization: temples became center of medical care; nurses cared for the sick in the home and community; practiced as nurse-midwives
- Early Christian period: nursing role became more formal and clearly defined; deaconesses made visits to the sick; male and female nursing orders were founded during the Crusades
- 16th century: shift from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge; shortage of nurses led to recruitment of female criminals to care for the sick
- 19th to 20th centuries: social reforms changed the roles of nurses and women; nursing as we know it began, based on Florence Nightingale's beliefs
- 19th to 21st centuries: hospital schools organized to provide staff; female nurses were under control of male hospital administrators and physicians
- World War II: large numbers of women worked outside the home and became more independent; explosion in medicine and technology broadened the role of nurses
- 1950s to present: nursing broadened in all areas; efforts were directed at upgrading nursing education, practice in various health care settings, and development of a specific body of knowledge
Definitions of Nursing
- Originated from the Latin word "nutrix" (to nourish)
- ICN definition: promotion of health, prevention of illness, advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, and participation in shaping health policy
- ANA definition: social policy statement; patient is central focus of all definitions, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions
QSEN Competencies
- Patient-centered care
- Teamwork and collaboration
- Quality improvement
- Safety
- Evidence-based practice
- Informatics
Nursing's Aims
- Promote health
- Prevent illness
- Restore health
- Facilitate coping with disability or death
Four Blended Competencies
- Cognitive
- Technical
- Interpersonal
- Ethical/legal
Interrelated Roles
- Communicator
- Teacher
- Counselor
- Leader
- Researcher
- Advocate
- Collaborator
Factors Affecting Health
- Genetic inheritance
- Cognitive abilities
- Educational level
- Race and ethnicity; culture
- Age and biologic sex
- Developmental level
- Lifestyle; environment
- Socioeconomic status
- Health Literacy
Professional Nursing Organizations
- International Nursing Organization (ICN)
- National Nursing Organizations (ANA, NLN, AACN, AAN, NSNA)
- Specialty Practice and Special-Interest Nursing Organizations
Explore the evolution of nursing practice through different historical periods, including the theory of animism, the Ancient Greek civilization, and the Early Christian period.
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