History of Medical Technology

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Questions and Answers

What year was the Philippine Medical Technology Act (R.A. 5527) officially enacted?

  • 1994
  • 1973
  • 1966
  • 1969 (correct)

Which of the following presidential decrees amended R.A. 5527?

  • PD 1534
  • PD 223
  • PD 498
  • All of the above (correct)

Which section of R.A. 5527 defines the practice of Medical Technology?

  • Section 2 (correct)
  • Section 3
  • Section 10
  • Section 1

What is the purpose of R.A. 5527?

<p>To regulate the practice of medical technology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sections are there in R.A. 5527?

<p>32 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of R.A. 5527 was NOT amended by R.A. 6138?

<p>Section 8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969?

<p>To regulate the practice of Medicine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment to R.A. 5527 made the most significant changes?

<p>PD 498 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 (R.A. 5527)?

<p>It was enacted after the Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969?

<p>To regulate the practice of Medical Technology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the rapid test used to establish a presumptive positive result for dangerous drugs?

<p>Simon's Test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of facility is used for the illegal manufacture of dangerous drugs?

<p>Clandestine Laboratory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the act that defines the terms used in the context of dangerous drugs?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a 'Confirmatory Test' when it comes to dangerous drugs?

<p>To confirm a positive result from the screening test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a place where dangerous drugs are administered, stored, or distributed illegally?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum age requirement for someone to receive their Certificate of Registration (COR) after passing the required examination for the practice of medical technology?

<p>21 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals are authorized to administer oaths for the purpose of medical technology registration?

<p>Secretaries of Senate and Congress (A), Provincial Governors (B), Department Secretaries (C), Bureau Directors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can a graduate of a Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology (BSMT) receive a Certificate of Registration (COR) without having to take the required examination?

<p>If they have at least 3 years of practice prior to June 21, 1969 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum amount of time that a graduate of a profession other than medical technology must have practiced prior to June 21, 1969 to receive a Certificate of Registration (COR) without taking an examination?

<p>8 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for signing the Certificate of Registration (COR) for successful medical technology candidates?

<p>The Board of Medical Technology and the PRC Commissioner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a ground for refusing to issue a Certificate of Registration (COR) for a medical technology applicant?

<p>Lack of a college degree (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can a medical technologist's Certificate of Registration (COR) be suspended?

<p>An administrative investigation with a majority vote of the Board (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of members of the Board of Medical Technology required to be present for an administrative investigation?

<p>2 members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the surrender of a Certificate of Registration (COR) after a suspension?

<p>The COR must be surrendered within 30 days of the Board's decision becoming final (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard of evidence required for a successful administrative investigation leading to the revocation of a Certificate of Registration (COR)?

<p>Substantial evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum age requirement for an individual to serve as a commissioner of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)?

<p>40 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the term of office for commissioners of the PRC?

<p>7 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of years of managerial experience required for a commissioner of the PRC?

<p>5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum passing rate for the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) licensure examinations, as stated in the text?

<p>50% of the National Passing Rate (NPR) for the last 5 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which the concerned board must submit the results of a licensure examination to the PRC?

<p>10 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum penalty for manipulating or rigging licensure examination results?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a duty of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)?

<p>Develop and implement new educational programs for professional regulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Institutionalization of CPE (Continuing Professional Education) as outlined in E.O. No. 266?

<p>To ensure the continued professional development of professionals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of current edition medical technology science books required in a library for a medical technology program, according to the text?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum space requirement for a classroom or laboratory room in a medical technology program, according to the text?

<p>1 sq.m. for every 2 students (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the "Contact Tracing" method mentioned in the text?

<p>To identify and counsel the sexual partners of people living with HIV. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a discriminatory act mentioned in the text related to HIV?

<p>Requiring HIV testing for all employees. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is "AIDSWATCH" as defined in the text?

<p>A comprehensive monitoring program to track the spread and impact of HIV. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can medical confidentiality related to HIV be broken? (Select all that apply)

<p>If the patient is a minor child and their parents request the information. (A), If the patient requests the release of their HIV status. (B), If a legal guardian seeks information about an insane or orphaned person's HIV status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which government body is responsible for central advisory, planning, and policy-making related to HIV control and prevention in the Philippines?

<p>Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the "Window Period" in relation to HIV infection?

<p>The time it takes for HIV antibodies to become detectable in blood tests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a "prophylactic" measure mentioned in the text?

<p>Using condoms during sexual intercourse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal basis for addressing discriminatory acts and policies related to HIV in the workplace, schools, and healthcare institutions, as mentioned in the text?

<p>R.A 7719 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Medical Confidentiality

A trust relationship between a person with HIV and healthcare providers.

Exceptions to Medical Confidentiality

Situations where medical confidentiality may not apply, such as compliance reports or court subpoenas.

Release of HIV Result

Conditions under which HIV test results can be disclosed, including to the patient and certain guardians.

Contact Tracing

Finding and counseling individuals who may have been exposed to HIV through sexual partners.

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HIV Monitoring

Documentation and analysis of HIV infections and their spread patterns.

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HIV Transmission

The transfer of HIV via sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, sharing needles, or during pregnancy.

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High Risk Behavior

Activities that increase the likelihood of transmitting or acquiring HIV.

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AIDSWATCH

A comprehensive monitoring program for HIV to understand its magnitude and progression.

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CPE Council Composition

A group consisting of a chairman and 2 members overseeing Continuous Professional Education.

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CPE Sources of Units

Activities that contribute to earning Continuous Professional Education units like seminars and research.

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CPE Requirements for Baccalaureate

Baccalaureate degree holders need 60 CPE units every 3 years.

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Clandestine Laboratory

A facility used for the illegal manufacture of dangerous drugs.

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Screening Test

A rapid test to establish potential positive results for drug use.

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Reputation

The perception others have about a person's character or actions.

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Ethics

Principles guiding conduct, limiting professional actions to prevent misconduct.

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Code of Ethics

A formal document outlining ethical guidelines for professionals, adopted on March 7, 1997.

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Privileged Communication

A confidential interaction protected by law between two parties.

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RA 5527

The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969, defining the practice of medical technology.

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RA 1517

The Blood Banking Act of 1956, establishing regulations for blood banking.

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PD 498

An amendment to RA 5527 made on June 28, 1974, focusing on specific sections of the original law.

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RA 7170

The Organ Donation Law of 1991, regulating organ donation processes.

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RA 8504

The AIDS Control and Prevention Law of 1998, outlining measures to combat AIDS.

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Practice of Medical Technology

The examination of blood and parasites to prepare quality specimens.

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Authorized Individuals

Notaries, judges, clerks, governors, etc. who can issue documents.

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Certificate of Registration (COR)

Document issued to those passing required examination, with exceptions.

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Examination Exemptions

Those over 21 and certain professionals can get COR without exam.

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Grounds for Refusal

Reasons for not issuing COR include immoral conduct and criminal convictions.

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Administrative Investigation

Process to suspend or revoke COR, requires due process.

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Evidence Requirements

Different standards for administrative, criminal, and civil cases.

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Foreign Reciprocity

Agreement allowing foreign professionals to practice under given conditions.

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Suspension of COR

Temporary halting of COR validity, must be surrendered.

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Reinstatement of COR

Process to restore COR after suspension or revocation.

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Clinical Laboratory Exemptions

Government and academic labs exempt from license requirements.

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Training requirements for MT interns

At least 1 year experience in training MT interns or equivalent experience in clinical lab.

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Library operations

The library must be open 8 hours a day and have essential resources.

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Classroom/laboratory requirements

Must have adequate space and equipment for students.

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Instructional Standards

Must achieve recognition status with a 50% licensure performance over 5 years.

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PRC Modernization Law RA 8981

Law that regulates the Professional Regulation Commission, composed of a chairperson and commissioners.

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Term of Office for PRC Chairperson

Appointed by the President for 7 years without re-appointment.

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Duties of PRC

Administer examinations, admit examinees, monitor schools, investigate complaints.

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Punishable Acts

Includes manipulation of exams, leaking questions, and tampering with grades.

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Penalties for misconduct

Fines between 50,000 to 100,000 and imprisonment from 6 years to life disqualification for commission employees.

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CPE Institutionalization E.O No. 266

Executive order focused on continuing professional education.

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Study Notes

History of Medical Technology

  • Ann Fagelson preferred to date medical technology from the 14th century.
  • Vivian Herrick traced medical technology back to 1500 BC.
  • Ruth Williams believed medical technology began in the Medieval Period.
  • Ebers papyrus, a book from 1500 BC, described three stages of hookworm infection.
  • Ancient Hindu doctors diagnosed diseases by observing urine color.
  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek developed the compound microscope.
  • Marcello Malpighi was an early microscopist and founder of pathology.
  • Rudolph Virchow founded pathology archives in Berlin, Germany.
  • Fehling performed the first sugar test in urine in 1848.
  • Aniline dye was the first produced dye for bacteria.
  • Dr. Douglas established the first chemical laboratory at the University of Michigan related to medicine.
  • Dr. William Osler opened the first clinical laboratory at John Hopkins Hospital.
  • Dr. William Welch gave the first laboratory course in pathology in an American medical school.
  • Law is a rule that determines action of all objects. 
  • General law divisions include State Law (promulgated and enforced by state) and Divine Law (not promulgated or enforced by the state).
  • Natural Law is a basic understanding of right and wrong.
  • Moral Law is the collective sense of right conduct within a community.
  • State Law is the law enforced by the state.
  • Characteristics of law include rule of conduct, obligatory, promulgated by legitimate authority, and common observance for the benefit of all.
  • Functions of law include securing justice, resolving social conflicts, and maintaining harmony.
  • Law sources include constitutions and legislation.
  • Administrative or executive orders, regulations, and rulings are also types of law, as well as judicial decisions, and jurisprudence. Custom is also a type of law.

Medical Technology Ethics

  • Ethics is a theory encompassing moral principles.
  • Professional ethics encompass personal, organizational, and corporate standards of behavior for professionals.
  • Codes of ethics are guidelines issued by organizations for professionals.
  • Medical technology ethics treats the duties of medical technologists to patients, colleagues, and the public.
  • Morality is the standard based on natural and moral law embedded in conscience.
  • Ethics limits parameters and professions from law-breaking
  • Ethics guards professions from dishonesty, deceit, and malpractice.
  • The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 (RA 5527) includes 32 sections
  • Subsequent amendments include RA 6138, PD 498, PD 1517, RA 4688 and RA 7170
  • There is an important Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966 (RA 4688)
  • Other Acts include the National Blood Services Act of 1994 (RA 7719), The AIDS Control and Prevention Act of 1998 (RA 8504), and the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
  • The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) Modernization Act (RA 8981) (the document details this act and other laws and regulations.

Classification and Scope of Medical Technology

  • Definition of terms and classification of medical technology (types and ownership) are detailed. 
  • The document details required equipment, laboratory facilities, and personnel for all types of labs (primary, secondary, tertiary).
  • Standards of human resources are specified.
  • Required documentation and reporting is described.
  • Laws, rules, and regulations are detailed.

Medical Laboratory Examination

  • Qualification of examinees, including who can take the exam
  • Requirements needed for successful examination, and testing in Medical Technology, including the various tests.
  • Scope of examination, the subjects covered and specific percentages weighted for each are outlined.
  • There is a calculation and explanation for grading.
  • Testing procedure, facilities, and personnel are described.
  • Examination validity, and enforcement of rules
  • Violators are penalized
  • Records of all examinations are to be kept
  • Information about reporting and enforcement is provided

Other Laws and Regulations

  • There is detail on various regulations regarding licensure, issuance of certificates, refusal to issue a certificate basis, investigations and administrative processes for suspension and revocation of certificates, and fees related to each stage in the process
  • Other regulations on Foreign Reciprocity and rules and regulations for professional conduct
  • Detail on additional laws governing the medical technology field, including legal actions, personnel qualifications, and record keeping.
  • There is detailed information for the National Blood Services Act.
  • There are detailed regulations for a comprehensive list of laws and rules and regulations.
  • Additional topics including the structure of various governing bodies are detailed.

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