Henry and John Fielding: Law Enforcement Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the main focus of Henry Fielding's 1751 pamphlet?

Formulating forensic science principles

Improving police technology

Introducing photography techniques

Calling for legal reforms against robbery (correct)

Which practice did John Fielding NOT introduce in his efforts to reform the justice system?

Printing wanted notices

Implementing community policing (correct)

Developing informants

Conducting criminal raids

What principle did Edmond Locard famously formulate?

A thief must be caught by another thief

Justice is blind

Forensic science is a modern discipline

Every contact leaves a trace (correct)

What contribution is Sir Robert Peel most famously known for?

Founding the London Metropolitan Police Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is considered the forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?

Texas Rangers Signup and view all the answers

Who was known as the 'Blind Beak' and recognized criminals by their voices?

John Fielding Signup and view all the answers

What significant legal philosophy did Henry Fielding advocate for?

Police accountability to citizens Signup and view all the answers

In what year did William Henry Fox Talbot explain his photographic process?

1839 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the Stern Approach in interrogation?

To intimidate the suspect into confessing. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Mutt and Jeff method effectively work during interrogation?

By alternating between a rough and a sympathetic investigator. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended for an Ifugao investigator to interrogate a suspect from Ifugao province?

To leverage local customs and trust. Signup and view all the answers

What does the technique of 'Searching for the Soft Spot' involve in interrogation?

Identifying emotional connections that could elicit a confession. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of interrogation, what does 'Projection' refer to?

Placing blame on others rather than accepting responsibility. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'Minimization' in an interrogation process?

To make the suspect feel less guilty about their actions. Signup and view all the answers

What role does cultural and linguistic understanding play in effective interrogation?

It helps in building rapport and trust with the suspect. Signup and view all the answers

During which situation might the 'Searching for the Soft Spot' technique be used outside of interrogation?

During crisis management in hostage situations. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an informant from an informer?

An informant gathers criminal information, while an informer gives non-criminal information. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of informant is motivated by fear or self-interest?

Frightened informant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a mercenary informant?

Sells information for personal gain. Signup and view all the answers

What type of informant usually provides information to eliminate rivals?

Rival elimination informant Signup and view all the answers

Which type of informant reveals non-consequential information to mislead authorities?

False informant Signup and view all the answers

The primary role of a double crosser is to:

Deceive the police to gather more information than they disclose. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of informant is typically an anonymous source through phone or letters?

Anonymous informant Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes women informants in the context of information provision?

They are typically associated with criminal organizations. Signup and view all the answers

Which physical sign is most indicative of guilt or deception during an interrogation?

Avoidance of direct eye contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of instrumentation in criminal investigations?

To apply scientific methods in crime detection Signup and view all the answers

What does excessive breathing during questioning indicate?

A sign of possible dishonesty Signup and view all the answers

How does dry mouth relate to deception during interrogations?

It is a reliable symptom of tension and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

Which forensic science discipline studies the effects of poisons?

Toxicology Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of criminalistics in solving cases?

Providing missing links in evidence Signup and view all the answers

What physical response might indicate an increase in deception during questioning?

Increase of pulse beat Signup and view all the answers

Which sign of deception is sometimes associated with extreme nervousness?

Profuse sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary aim of a criminal investigation?

To identify the guilty party Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about criminal investigations?

They involve lawful search for evidence related to a crime Signup and view all the answers

What role do investigating officers play in a criminal investigation?

They gather and analyze evidence related to the crime Signup and view all the answers

According to the definitions provided, what is a crucial aspect of criminal investigation?

It requires patient and meticulous observation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the term 'investigation' based on its origins?

It is derived from the Latin term meaning to inquire or discover Signup and view all the answers

In what way can an individual be brought to justice for a crime according to the discussed methods?

By apprehension in the act of committing a crime Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'custodial investigation' refer to in the context of arrests?

The procedures followed during the detention of a person Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following definitions aligns with a legal inquiry into a crime's circumstances?

A detailed collection and analysis of facts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Figures in Law Enforcement

Henry Fielding published a pamphlet in 1751 advocating for major reforms in law enforcement.
In 1753, John Fielding, as Henry's assistant, introduced practices such as informants, wanted notices, and employing firearms and handcuffs in London.
Known as the "Blind Beak," John Fielding could identify 3,000 criminals by their voices despite being blind.
Eugene Vidocq in France formed squads of ex-convicts for the police, coining the phrase "Set a Thief to catch a thief."
Vidocq founded the Trade Protection Society, an early version of the credit system for businesses.
Dr. Edmond Locard published "L' Etiquette Criminelleet les Methodes Scientifique" in 1920, becoming known as the "Sherlock Holmes of France."
Locard established the principle "Every contact leaves a trace," known as Locard's Exchange Principle.
Sir Robert Peel is recognized as the father of modern criminology and established the London Metropolitan Police, the first organized police force.
In 1833, Scotland Yard hired the first undercover officer, while Philadelphia set up the first paid police department in the USA.
The Texas Rangers were established in 1835 as the first statewide law enforcement agency, leading to the formation of the FBI.
William Henry Fox Talbot's explanation of the photographic process in 1839 marked the birth of photography.
Republic Act No. 7438 defines the rights of arrested individuals and the responsibilities of law enforcement.

Criminal Investigation Overview

"Investigation" originated from Latin, meaning to inquire or discover; it involves seeking facts through detailed examination.
Criminal investigation entails a systematic inquiry into crime, identifying perpetrators, and bringing them to justice.
Objectives of criminal investigation include identifying guilty parties, locating suspects, and collecting evidence for legal proceedings.

Types of Informants

Informants provide voluntary or anonymous information to investigators, while informers are paid professionals gathering criminal intelligence.
Varieties of informants include:
- Anonymous informants: Provide information anonymously via calls or letters.
- Rival elimination informants: Seek to remove competition or resolve personal vendettas.
- False informants: Share insignificant information to distract from their own actions.
- Frightened informants: Motivated by fear for their safety.
- Self-aggrandizing informants: Seek recognition by sharing valuable information.
- Mercenary informants: Provide information for pay or revenge.
- Double crossers: Use the guise of providing information to manipulate investigators.
- Women informants: Often connected to criminal networks, may offer information to avoid legal repercussions.

Interrogation Techniques

Stern approach: Investigators adopt a demanding demeanor to elicit responses from suspects.
Mutt and Jeff method: One investigator intimidates while another offers sympathy to create a safe space for confession.
Cultural sensitivity: Matching interrogators' backgrounds with suspects' cultures to foster trust.
Searching for the "soft spot": Identifying personal connections to encourage suspects to confess.
Projection: Suspects may blame others or circumstances to alleviate personal culpability.
Minimization: Convincing suspects that a confession might lessen their legal penalties.

Signs of Deception

Excessive sweating: Indicates anxiety or fear during questioning.
Facial color changes: Blushing or pallor can reveal nervousness or guilt.
Dry mouth: Tension-related, can signify deception.
Excessive breathing: An effort to control breathing signals potential guilt.
Increased pulse: Detectable in the neck; accompanies signs of deception.
Avoidance of eye contact: Often indicates guilt or discomfort during interrogation.

Use of Instrumentation in Criminal Investigation

Instrumentation applies physical science techniques to criminal investigations, enhancing the objective analysis of evidence.
Criminalistics can support cases by:
- Providing missing links in evidence chains.
- Strengthening weak evidence segments.
- Verifying statements from suspects and witnesses.
- Assisting investigators in expediting case resolutions.
Various forensic sciences contribute to investigations, including:
- Pathology: Study of diseases.
- Toxicology: Study of poisons.
- Physical anthropology: Study of humanity.
- Odontology: Study of dental evidence.

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Description

This quiz explores the contributions of Henry and John Fielding to the development of law enforcement in 18th century London. Understand the reforms proposed by Henry Fielding in his 1751 pamphlet and the impact of his brother John Fielding's efforts to improve justice administration.

History of Law Enforcement: Henry and John Fielding