History of Journalism and Mass Media

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Questions and Answers

What is not necessarily ensured by the acceptance of press freedom?

Fulfillment of public service duties (correct)

Greater media diversity

Increased journalist salaries

Government protection of journalists

What should be done to ensure the protection of journalists?

Establishing a special police unit to protect journalists

Implementing stricter censorship laws

Raising journalist salaries to reduce corruption

Isolating journalistic practices from internal and external obstacles and pressure (correct)

What is essential for the practice of journalism?

Establishing journalistic principles and ensuring their implementation (correct)

Increased advertisement revenue

Government approval of journalistic content

Government funding for journalism schools

What is a necessary step to ensure the independence of journalists?

Isolating journalistic practices from internal and external obstacles and pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the protection of journalists' rights?

Guaranteeing the implementation of journalistic principles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What has occurred in the practice of journalists gathering and writing news?

A shift towards commercial considerations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical context in which cheap press emerged?

Alongside the emergence of an industrial working class (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what way have newspapers contributed to the market economy?

In two significant ways (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the cheap press that emerged during industrialization?

Metelik basin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the commercialization of news gathering and writing?

The shaping of news values in a commercial context (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Metelik's economic organization?

Advertisement revenue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What has happened to the informative value of news in the competitive market?

It has taken a backseat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Metelik's development in the context of news?

News becoming a commodity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the moral system in the journalism profession?

To improve and elevate the social status of journalism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Metelik's approach to the media industry?

Its separation from political affiliations and focus on economic organization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What has Metelik's development led to in terms of the news industry?

A shift in the focus of news from information to commercial value (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what year was a law passed in France that ensured press freedom?

1881 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the efforts to develop and elevate the social status of journalism?

The establishment of a moral system in journalism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept that the 1881 French law is based on?

Freedom-based principles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the institutionalization of press freedom?

A public service based on freedom (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the news policy implied in the process described?

Separating objective external reality from subjective interpretations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What guides the practice of journalism in this context?

A professional code of conduct (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle in the practice of journalism described?

Using credible sources (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is avoiding rhetoric important in journalism?

To ensure objectivity and fairness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a core principle of the journalism approach described?

Giving equal weight to differing viewpoints (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Development of Journalism

The rise of industrial cities led to the emergence of cheap press (metelik basın) which catered to the working class.
The cheap press separated itself from political influences and focused on economic organization based on circulation and advertising.

Impact on Journalism

The development of cheap press led to a shift in the role of journalists, where informative value took a backseat to competitive market forces.
News became a commodity in a competitive market, and journalists' practices were shaped by this economic reality.

Press Freedom and Regulation

In 1881, France passed a law establishing press freedom as a public service, but this did not guarantee journalists' ability to fulfill their public service duties.
Journalists' practices were often hindered by internal and external obstacles, and their profession required protection and guarantees.

Journalistic Ethics and Objectivity

The pursuit of objectivity led to the development of journalistic principles, including the avoidance of rhetoric, equal representation of diverse views, commitment to facts, and use of credible sources.
These principles formed a professional guide for journalists, emphasizing the importance of objectivity and credibility.

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Description

Explore the evolution of journalism and its intersection with the economy. Learn how industrialization and urbanization led to the rise of cheap press and its impact on the economy.