Questions and Answers
What is not necessarily ensured by the acceptance of press freedom?
Fulfillment of public service duties
What should be done to ensure the protection of journalists?
Isolating journalistic practices from internal and external obstacles and pressure
What is essential for the practice of journalism?
Establishing journalistic principles and ensuring their implementation
What is a necessary step to ensure the independence of journalists?
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What is essential for the protection of journalists' rights?
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What has occurred in the practice of journalists gathering and writing news?
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What is the historical context in which cheap press emerged?
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In what way have newspapers contributed to the market economy?
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What is the term used to describe the cheap press that emerged during industrialization?
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What is the result of the commercialization of news gathering and writing?
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What is the primary focus of Metelik's economic organization?
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What has happened to the informative value of news in the competitive market?
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What is the result of Metelik's development in the context of news?
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What is the purpose of the moral system in the journalism profession?
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What is unique about Metelik's approach to the media industry?
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What has Metelik's development led to in terms of the news industry?
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In what year was a law passed in France that ensured press freedom?
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What is the result of the efforts to develop and elevate the social status of journalism?
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What is the concept that the 1881 French law is based on?
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What is the outcome of the institutionalization of press freedom?
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What is the primary focus of the news policy implied in the process described?
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What guides the practice of journalism in this context?
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What is a key principle in the practice of journalism described?
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Why is avoiding rhetoric important in journalism?
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What is a core principle of the journalism approach described?
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Study Notes
Historical Development of Journalism
- The rise of industrial cities led to the emergence of cheap press (metelik basın) which catered to the working class.
- The cheap press separated itself from political influences and focused on economic organization based on circulation and advertising.
Impact on Journalism
- The development of cheap press led to a shift in the role of journalists, where informative value took a backseat to competitive market forces.
- News became a commodity in a competitive market, and journalists' practices were shaped by this economic reality.
Press Freedom and Regulation
- In 1881, France passed a law establishing press freedom as a public service, but this did not guarantee journalists' ability to fulfill their public service duties.
- Journalists' practices were often hindered by internal and external obstacles, and their profession required protection and guarantees.
Journalistic Ethics and Objectivity
- The pursuit of objectivity led to the development of journalistic principles, including the avoidance of rhetoric, equal representation of diverse views, commitment to facts, and use of credible sources.
- These principles formed a professional guide for journalists, emphasizing the importance of objectivity and credibility.
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