History of Internet Timeline Quiz

Network Functions and Components

• A bridge connects two or more separate network segments, filtering traffic and reducing congestion.
• Switch is also known as a multiport bridge.
• Switches enhance Local Area Network (LAN) segments by allowing multiple devices to communicate simultaneously and efficiently managing traffic.
• Routers filter traffic primarily based on IP addresses to determine packet destinations.

Hierarchical Design Model

• The access layer’s role is to directly connect end devices to the network, controlling user access and enabling device communication.

Networking Devices

• Layer 3 switches operate at multiple layers of the OSI model, providing functions of both switches and routers.

Information Transmission

• The basic unit of information in TCP/IP networks is a packet.
• The network interface layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack interacts directly with hardware components.

Protocols and Standards

• Sub protocols such as ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) are not typical internetwork-layer protocols in TCP/IP.
• The IP layer outlines how to encapsulate different network interface layer protocols.

Historical Context

• The reliable network considered is the Internet, which encompasses various aspects of connectivity.
• TCP/IP standardizes communication protocols to ensure interoperability across diverse networks.
• 'Surfing the Internet' was popularized in 1992.
• The WWW revolution began in 1993, registering 2 million hosts and 600 websites.
• Google was founded in 1998, significantly transforming search engine technology.
• Hotmail's launch in 1996 initiated web-based email services.
• Java was open-sourced in 1995.
• ICQ by Mirabilis marked the beginning of instant messaging in 1996.
• The first public packet data service was ARPANET.
• TCP/IP became the standard protocol suite for ARPANET in 1983.
• The NSF established five super-computing centers in 1984 to advance national computing resources.
• The first search engine was introduced in 1990, spearheading web exploration.
• In 1992, the rise of multimedia enhanced the Internet’s accessibility and appeal.
• The first browser/editor program emerged in 1993, paving the way for intuitive web navigation.

TCP/IP Protocol Stack

• TCP/IP standardizes the methods for various network-layer protocols to communicate effectively.
• The application layer facilitates user interface and communication activities in the TCP/IP protocol stack.
• Applications in TCP/IP communication are designed to perform specific tasks, such as web browsing or email retrieval, but not all are considered typical applications.
• The primary function of the TCP/IP protocol stack is to enable data transmission across diverse networks.
• Application communication within a single host in TCP/IP allows for efficient process interactions and resource sharing.