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Questions and Answers
What did the Sumerians and Babylonians use yeasts for around 7000 BC?
What did the Sumerians and Babylonians use yeasts for around 7000 BC?
What was discovered in Assyria around 3500 BC?
What was discovered in Assyria around 3500 BC?
What is the term for the application of biological sciences in industrial processes?
What is the term for the application of biological sciences in industrial processes?
What was the significance of Louis Pasteur's discovery in the mid-19th century?
What was the significance of Louis Pasteur's discovery in the mid-19th century?
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What is the primary goal of industrial fermentation?
What is the primary goal of industrial fermentation?
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What is the difference between traditional and modern microbial technology?
What is the difference between traditional and modern microbial technology?
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What is the characteristic of industrial microorganisms?
What is the characteristic of industrial microorganisms?
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What is the process of inserting genes from one organism into a bacterial or yeast cell?
What is the process of inserting genes from one organism into a bacterial or yeast cell?
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Study Notes
History of Industrial Microbiology
- Sumerians and Babylonians converted sugar into alcohol using yeasts to make beer around 7000 BC.
- Egyptians discovered the ability of CO2 to puff bread around 4000 BC.
- Wine was produced in Assyria through fermentation around 3500 BC.
- Assyrians used vinegar to treat chronic middle ear disease around 400 BC.
- Ancient Rome had over 250 bakeries producing leavened bread, and milk was fermented to lactic acid to make yogurt, kefyr, and koumiss using Kluyveromyces spp. around 100 BC.
Development of Industrial Microbiology
- Commonization of alcoholic distillation from fermented grain occurred in the 1400s.
- Vinegar manufacturing began in Orleans, France in the 1400s.
- Louis Pasteur understood the role of microbiology in fermentation, leading to the discovery of the first principal role of fermentation: microbes require a substrate to produce primary and secondary metabolites and end products in the mid-19th century.
Modern Industrial Microbiology
- Extensive application of bioprocess has expanded in the new millennium.
- Bioprocessing involves the application of biological sciences in industrial processes.
- Industrial fermentation involves the growth of cells on a large scale to create industrial products in bulk amounts.
- Biotechnology applies scientific and engineering principles to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods and services.
Genetic Engineering and Industrial Microbiology
- Genetic engineering involves inserting genes from one organism into a bacterial or yeast cell, causing the cell to produce new code for the new gene.
- Industrial Microbiology has been given new dimensions due to discoveries made in the field of genetic engineering.
Division of Microbial Biotechnology
- Traditional microbial technology involves large-scale manufacturing of products.
- Modern microbial technology employs genetically engineered microorganisms with new genes inserted.
Industrial Microorganisms
- Industrial microorganisms are microbes carefully selected to make one or more specific products for their metabolic activities.
- They must:
- Grow readily in large-scale manufacturing equipment.
- Grow on relatively cheap media.
- Be able to undergo genetic manipulations.
- Not be pathogenic or toxic.
Applications of Industrial Microbiology
- Plant Tissue Culture
- Production of Transgenic Animals and Plants
- Medicinal Tools and Therapeutics
- Creation of New Enzymes
- Development of Monoclonal Antibodies
- Control of Pollution
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Description
This quiz covers the timeline of industrial microbiology, from ancient civilizations to modern applications. Learn about the discoveries and innovations that shaped the industry. Test your knowledge of industrial microbiology's fascinating history!
