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Questions and Answers
What political regime replaced the Second Empire in France in 1870?
Who faced opposition from Parisians favoring the Paris Commune's ideals during the establishment of the Third Republic?
What significant event ended in a violent suppression known as the Bloody Week in France in 1871?
Which leader initially had monarchist influences during the establishment of the Third Republic in France?
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Who faced opposition from both left-wing socialists and right-wing monarchists during the Third Republic in France?
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What key symbol did the Republicans promote to solidify the Third Republic in France?
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Study Notes
- France saw various political regimes since the 1789 Revolution: constitutional monarchy, First Republic, Napoleon's Empire, constitutional monarchy again, Second Republic, and Second Empire.
- The Third Republic was established in 1870 during a war, replacing the Second Empire after a defeat against Prussia.
- The new republic faced challenges like famine, Prussian occupation, and the Paris Commune uprising, which ended in a violent suppression known as the Bloody Week in 1871.
- Adolphe Thiers, a conservative leader, faced opposition from Parisians who favored the Commune's democratic and socialist ideals, leading to a violent conflict.
- The Third Republic initially had monarchist influences under Marshal Mac Mahon but gradually shifted towards a more democratic and republican system.
- The Republicans faced opposition from both left-wing socialists and right-wing monarchists, leading to political crises like the Boulanger Affair, Dreyfus Affair, and the Crisis of Inventories.
- The Republicans focused on solidifying the republic by promoting education, secularism, and key republican symbols like the tricolor flag, La Marseillaise, and Bastille Day.
- The Third Republic adopted liberal laws like freedom of the press, compulsory and free primary education, and separation of church and state to strengthen democratic values.
- Despite facing internal and external challenges, the Third Republic managed to establish itself as a stable and rooted regime in France until the outbreak of World War I.
- The period saw the rise of anti-parliamentarianism, anti-Semitism, and divisions between different political factions, highlighting the ongoing struggle to fully unite the French nation under the republican values.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the establishment, challenges, and key events of the Third Republic in France from 1870 to pre-World War I period.
