History of Fort William in Calcutta (Kolkata)

British Fortifications in Calcutta

• Fort William was constructed by the British to establish military and administrative control over Calcutta as a strategic trading post.
• The fort’s design catered to the need for protection against local uprisings and rival colonial powers in the region.

Open Space Around Fort William

• A vast open space was intentionally left around Fort William to facilitate military maneuvers and provide a clear line of sight for defense against potential attacks.
• This space also served as a buffer zone to minimize the risks associated with urban disturbances and to showcase British authority.

Concerns for British in Calcutta

• A significant concern for the British was the health conditions in Calcutta, characterized by unhygienic environments that led to outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and malaria.
• The living conditions, which included overcrowding and insufficient sanitation, posed challenges to maintaining a healthy workforce and citizenry.

Commercial Capital of Colonial India

• Calcutta was renowned as the commercial capital of colonial India, attracting traders, merchants, and businesses due to its strategic location along the Hooghly River.
• The city served as a hub for trade in goods, including textiles, spices, and other commodities, reinforcing economic interests in the region.

Basis for Urban Planning in Calcutta

• The prime basis for British focus on cleaning and town planning in Calcutta stemmed from the need to improve public health and manage the risks associated with urbanization.
• Initiatives included developing better sanitation systems, public health measures, and urban infrastructure to mitigate disease outbreaks and enhance overall living standards.

Test your knowledge on the history of Fort William in Calcutta, which was built by the British to defend against attacks and has become a landmark of the city. Explore how the British efforts to clean up the city and improve its defenses shaped the development of Calcutta.