58 Questions
Who proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution?
Charles Darwin
How did Darwin's theory differ from Lamarck's?
Darwin emphasized natural variation within a species.
What concept is suggested by punctuated equilibrium?
Long periods of stability interrupted by rapid bursts of change
Which theory explains why the fossil record may show sudden changes?
Punctuated equilibrium
What was the fundamental concept behind Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Random variation and selective survival
Which scientist proposed punctuated equilibrium as a theory of evolution?
Stephen Jay Gould
How did punctuated equilibrium differ from traditional gradual evolution?
It suggested rapid bursts of significant change.
Which theory highlighted random variation and selective survival as key components of evolution?
'Darwinism'
Who proposed the theory of Lamarckism in the early 19th century?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
What is another name for Lamarck's theory?
Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
According to Lamarckism, how do organisms pass on traits to their offspring?
Through acquired characteristics during their lifetime
What did Lamarck propose as the reason for giraffes developing long necks?
Acquired trait from ancestor behavior
Why was Lamarckism later debunked by scientists?
Because acquired traits cannot be passed through genes
What term refers to the concept that body parts used extensively become stronger and better developed?
Law of Use and Disuse
Which scientist's theory was widely accepted at the time but later disproved due to new scientific evidence?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
What key concept of Lamarckism implied that unused body parts would deteriorate over time?
'Use it or Lose it'
'The theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics' is associated with which evolutionary biologist?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
According to Lamarck, what happens to body parts that are not used by an organism?
They shrink and disappear over time
What did Charles Darwin propose as the mechanism of evolution in his work 'On the Origin of Species'?
Natural selection
How did Darwin's theory differ from Lamarck's theory of evolution?
Darwin emphasized adaptation to the environment based on existing variations
Which theory suggests that species undergo long periods of stability interrupted by short bursts of significant change?
Punctuated equilibrium
What concept was a significant shift in evolutionary thought represented by Darwin's theory?
Random variation and selective survival
Which theory introduced the idea that evolution does not have an inherent drive toward perfection or complexity?
Punctuated equilibrium
According to Darwin, what allows certain individuals to survive and reproduce more effectively than others?
Natural selection
What did punctuated equilibrium explain regarding the fossil record?
Sudden changes followed by long periods without noticeable change
Which evolutionary biologist proposed a theory that suggested species undergo long periods of stability interrupted by short, rapid bursts of significant change?
Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge
What fundamental concept did Lamarck's theory emphasize regarding the development of traits?
Inheritance of acquired characteristics through use or disuse
Which theory added complexity to the understanding of evolution by suggesting that the pace of evolution is not constant?
Punctuated equilibrium
What was one of the key ideas proposed by Lamarck in his theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
Organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.
What concept did Lamarck's theory suggest regarding the development of body parts in organisms?
Body parts used extensively deteriorate over time.
Which aspect of Lamarckism was later contradicted by new scientific evidence?
The law of use and disuse regarding body parts.
In Lamarckism, what was suggested as the reason for giraffes developing long necks?
Stretching behavior of ancestors to reach higher leaves.
Which key element of evolutionary thought did Lamarckism focus on?
Inheritance of acquired characteristics.
What major scientific advancement played a role in debunking Lamarckism as a valid evolutionary theory?
Understanding that genetic traits are passed through genes.
How did Lamarck explain the development of certain body parts in organisms according to his theory?
'Use and disuse' concept based on an organism's behavior.
What was a fundamental principle behind Lamarck's theory that was later refuted by new scientific understanding?
Organisms passing on acquired traits to their offspring.
What was one of the criticisms against Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
It lacked empirical support from controlled experiments.
What aspect of Lamarckism was contradicted by the understanding that genetic traits are passed through genes?
The inheritance of acquired characteristics.
What key aspect of Lamarckism was refuted by the understanding that genetic traits are passed through genes and cannot be altered by an individual's experiences or behavior?
The theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Which concept of Lamarckism implied that unused body parts deteriorate over time?
The law of use and disuse
What was the primary reason Lamarckism was later debunked by new scientific evidence?
Discovery of the role of genes in inheritance
What fundamental concept was a cornerstone of Lamarck's theory regarding the development of traits in organisms?
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Which evolutionary theory introduced the idea that body parts used extensively become stronger and better developed while those not used deteriorate?
Lamarckism
What key principle behind Lamarckism was later contradicted by new scientific understanding?
The law of use and disuse
Why did Lamarck suggest that giraffes developed long necks?
Because their ancestors stretched their necks to reach higher leaves
What significant aspect of Darwin's theory distinguished it from Lamarckism?
Focus on adaptation to the environment based on existing variations
What was one of the primary criticisms against Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
It was inconsistent with the understanding of natural selection
Which key concept introduced by Darwin's theory contributed to the understanding of evolution?
Random variation and selective survival
What did Lamarckism propose as a mechanism for organisms passing on traits to their offspring?
The inheritance of acquired characteristics
What was a significant departure of punctuated equilibrium from traditional gradual evolution?
Short, rapid bursts of significant change
What significant shift in evolutionary thought did Darwin's theory bring about in contrast to Lamarckism?
The emphasis on inherited genetic variation rather than acquired traits
According to Darwin, what allows certain individuals to survive and reproduce more effectively than others?
Variations that make certain individuals more fit for their environment
Which scientist's theory proposed that species undergo long periods of stability interrupted by short bursts of significant change?
Stephen Jay Gould
What did punctuated equilibrium explain regarding transitions in the fossil record?
Sudden changes followed by long periods without noticeable change
What was a fundamental concept suggested by Lamarck regarding the development of body parts in organisms?
Body parts used extensively become stronger and better developed
Which concept was a significant shift represented by Darwin's theory compared to Lamarckism?
Focus on existing variations for adaptation to environment
What was a fundamental idea proposed by Lamarck in his theory?
Body parts used extensively become stronger and better developed
Which theory added complexity to the understanding of evolution by suggesting that evolution's pace is not constant?
Punctuated Equilibrium
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