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Questions and Answers
Which programming language is known for its ease of use and readability?
What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
Which language was developed by Apple for app development on iOS and macOS?
Which of the following is a server-side scripting language designed for web development?
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Which component of a computer system is primarily responsible for rendering images and animations?
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What was the first mechanical general-purpose computer?
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Which programming language was created specifically for scientific and engineering calculations?
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What significant advancement in computing technology was introduced by the Intel 4004 Microprocessor?
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Which of the following languages emphasizes readability and is designed for business data processing?
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Which computer was the first to implement a graphical user interface?
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Which programming language was specifically developed to promote structured programming?
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The IBM System/360 introduced the concept of:
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Which of the following languages is primarily associated with artificial intelligence?
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What is the primary function of the Power Supply Unit (PSU)?
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Which component is responsible for maintaining optimal operating temperatures in a computer?
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In the problem-solving process, what is the purpose of gathering data?
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What is the first step in the problem-solving process?
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Which of the following correctly describes SSDs?
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Study Notes
History of Computers
- Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine (1837) is recognized as the first mechanical general-purpose computer.
- ENIAC (1945) was the first electronic general-purpose computer, created by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.
- UNIVAC (1951) marked the introduction of the first commercial computer, developed by Remington Rand.
- IBM System/360 (1964) was a groundbreaking family of mainframe computers, establishing compatibility across models.
- Intel 4004, launched in 1971, was the first commercially available microprocessor, revolutionizing computing.
- IBM PC (1981) set the standard for personal computers, becoming ubiquitous in homes and offices.
- Apple Macintosh (1984) featured a graphical user interface that made computers more accessible to users.
- The Internet evolved from ARPANET (1969) and expanded significantly in the 1990s, connecting millions globally.
- Quantum computing represents a cutting-edge area aiming to revolutionize technology through quantum mechanics.
Computer Programming Languages
- Machine language consists of binary code, the foundational language understood directly by a computer's CPU.
- Assembly language uses mnemonics, simplifying programming compared to machine language.
- FORTRAN (1957) was the first high-level programming language, designed for scientific and engineering tasks.
- ALGOL is a family of languages focused on algorithmic descriptions, influential in programming language design.
- COBOL (1959) was created for business data processing, prioritizing readability and ease of use.
- LISP emerged in the late 1950s as one of the earliest high-level languages, primarily for artificial intelligence applications.
- BASIC was developed in the 1960s to make programming more accessible to beginners.
- C Language (1972) is a significant general-purpose language that influenced many subsequent programming languages.
- Pascal focused on teaching structured programming, emerging in the late 1960s.
- Prolog is a logic programming language linked to artificial intelligence and computer linguistics.
- Ada, created in the late 1970s for the U.S. Department of Defense, emphasized safety and maintainability in software development.
- C++ extended C with object-oriented features and was developed in the 1980s, increasingly popular among programmers.
- Java (1995) is platform-independent, widely adopted in web and enterprise environments.
- Python (1991) is favored for its simplicity and versatility across various fields, including web development and data analysis.
- JavaScript is a widely used scripting language for creating dynamic web content.
- PHP, developed in the mid-1990s, is tailored for server-side web development.
- Ruby, introduced in the 1990s, is known for its elegant and expressive syntax as a dynamic, object-oriented language.
- Swift (2014), by Apple, is specifically aimed at iOS and macOS application development.
- Go, created at Google, is recognized for its simplicity and performance as a statically typed language.
- R is widely used in data analysis and research for statistical computing and visualization.
Computer System Components
- The motherboard connects all of a computer's components, enabling communication between the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
- The Central Processing Unit (CPU) carries out program instructions and performs calculations, logic, control, and I/O operations.
- Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) processes graphical data, enhancing performance in image rendering and video playback.
- Random Access Memory (RAM) temporarily stores data and program instructions for quick CPU access during operation.
- Storage drives, including HDDs and SSDs, provide lasting storage for systems, applications, and user data, with SSDs offering faster access.
- Power Supply Unit (PSU) converts and supplies electrical power to internal computer components.
- Cooling systems regulate temperatures for hardware functions, using fans or advanced liquid cooling methods.
- Input devices include keyboards and mice that allow user interaction with the computer system.
- Output devices, such as monitors and printers, present processed information to users.
- Network Interface Card (NIC) enables network connectivity for communication and internet access.
- The case houses and protects internal components, providing structure and cooling support.
Problem Solving Process
- Define the problem clearly to ensure it is well understood before attempting to solve it.
- Gather data relevant to the problem, helping in the analysis and understanding of its context.
- Identify possible causes through analysis, aiming to explore various angles regarding the issue at hand.
- Determine the root cause by focusing on the primary factor contributing to the observed problem.
- Develop solutions through brainstorming, evaluating each potential option for effectiveness.
- Implement the chosen solution promptly in order to address the problem directly.
- Evaluate results after implementation to assess whether the solution effectively resolved the issue.
- Standardize successful solutions and establish a system for monitoring to prevent reoccurrence of similar problems.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the groundbreaking inventions in the field of computing. From Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine to the IBM System/360, explore the key milestones that shaped the history of computers. See how this technology has evolved over the decades.
