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Questions and Answers
Which programming language is known for its ease of use and readability?
Which programming language is known for its ease of use and readability?
What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
Which language was developed by Apple for app development on iOS and macOS?
Which language was developed by Apple for app development on iOS and macOS?
Which of the following is a server-side scripting language designed for web development?
Which of the following is a server-side scripting language designed for web development?
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Which component of a computer system is primarily responsible for rendering images and animations?
Which component of a computer system is primarily responsible for rendering images and animations?
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What was the first mechanical general-purpose computer?
What was the first mechanical general-purpose computer?
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Which programming language was created specifically for scientific and engineering calculations?
Which programming language was created specifically for scientific and engineering calculations?
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What significant advancement in computing technology was introduced by the Intel 4004 Microprocessor?
What significant advancement in computing technology was introduced by the Intel 4004 Microprocessor?
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Which of the following languages emphasizes readability and is designed for business data processing?
Which of the following languages emphasizes readability and is designed for business data processing?
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Which computer was the first to implement a graphical user interface?
Which computer was the first to implement a graphical user interface?
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Which programming language was specifically developed to promote structured programming?
Which programming language was specifically developed to promote structured programming?
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The IBM System/360 introduced the concept of:
The IBM System/360 introduced the concept of:
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Which of the following languages is primarily associated with artificial intelligence?
Which of the following languages is primarily associated with artificial intelligence?
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What is the primary function of the Power Supply Unit (PSU)?
What is the primary function of the Power Supply Unit (PSU)?
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Which component is responsible for maintaining optimal operating temperatures in a computer?
Which component is responsible for maintaining optimal operating temperatures in a computer?
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In the problem-solving process, what is the purpose of gathering data?
In the problem-solving process, what is the purpose of gathering data?
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What is the first step in the problem-solving process?
What is the first step in the problem-solving process?
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Which of the following correctly describes SSDs?
Which of the following correctly describes SSDs?
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Study Notes
History of Computers
- Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine (1837) is recognized as the first mechanical general-purpose computer.
- ENIAC (1945) was the first electronic general-purpose computer, created by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.
- UNIVAC (1951) marked the introduction of the first commercial computer, developed by Remington Rand.
- IBM System/360 (1964) was a groundbreaking family of mainframe computers, establishing compatibility across models.
- Intel 4004, launched in 1971, was the first commercially available microprocessor, revolutionizing computing.
- IBM PC (1981) set the standard for personal computers, becoming ubiquitous in homes and offices.
- Apple Macintosh (1984) featured a graphical user interface that made computers more accessible to users.
- The Internet evolved from ARPANET (1969) and expanded significantly in the 1990s, connecting millions globally.
- Quantum computing represents a cutting-edge area aiming to revolutionize technology through quantum mechanics.
Computer Programming Languages
- Machine language consists of binary code, the foundational language understood directly by a computer's CPU.
- Assembly language uses mnemonics, simplifying programming compared to machine language.
- FORTRAN (1957) was the first high-level programming language, designed for scientific and engineering tasks.
- ALGOL is a family of languages focused on algorithmic descriptions, influential in programming language design.
- COBOL (1959) was created for business data processing, prioritizing readability and ease of use.
- LISP emerged in the late 1950s as one of the earliest high-level languages, primarily for artificial intelligence applications.
- BASIC was developed in the 1960s to make programming more accessible to beginners.
- C Language (1972) is a significant general-purpose language that influenced many subsequent programming languages.
- Pascal focused on teaching structured programming, emerging in the late 1960s.
- Prolog is a logic programming language linked to artificial intelligence and computer linguistics.
- Ada, created in the late 1970s for the U.S. Department of Defense, emphasized safety and maintainability in software development.
- C++ extended C with object-oriented features and was developed in the 1980s, increasingly popular among programmers.
- Java (1995) is platform-independent, widely adopted in web and enterprise environments.
- Python (1991) is favored for its simplicity and versatility across various fields, including web development and data analysis.
- JavaScript is a widely used scripting language for creating dynamic web content.
- PHP, developed in the mid-1990s, is tailored for server-side web development.
- Ruby, introduced in the 1990s, is known for its elegant and expressive syntax as a dynamic, object-oriented language.
- Swift (2014), by Apple, is specifically aimed at iOS and macOS application development.
- Go, created at Google, is recognized for its simplicity and performance as a statically typed language.
- R is widely used in data analysis and research for statistical computing and visualization.
Computer System Components
- The motherboard connects all of a computer's components, enabling communication between the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
- The Central Processing Unit (CPU) carries out program instructions and performs calculations, logic, control, and I/O operations.
- Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) processes graphical data, enhancing performance in image rendering and video playback.
- Random Access Memory (RAM) temporarily stores data and program instructions for quick CPU access during operation.
- Storage drives, including HDDs and SSDs, provide lasting storage for systems, applications, and user data, with SSDs offering faster access.
- Power Supply Unit (PSU) converts and supplies electrical power to internal computer components.
- Cooling systems regulate temperatures for hardware functions, using fans or advanced liquid cooling methods.
- Input devices include keyboards and mice that allow user interaction with the computer system.
- Output devices, such as monitors and printers, present processed information to users.
- Network Interface Card (NIC) enables network connectivity for communication and internet access.
- The case houses and protects internal components, providing structure and cooling support.
Problem Solving Process
- Define the problem clearly to ensure it is well understood before attempting to solve it.
- Gather data relevant to the problem, helping in the analysis and understanding of its context.
- Identify possible causes through analysis, aiming to explore various angles regarding the issue at hand.
- Determine the root cause by focusing on the primary factor contributing to the observed problem.
- Develop solutions through brainstorming, evaluating each potential option for effectiveness.
- Implement the chosen solution promptly in order to address the problem directly.
- Evaluate results after implementation to assess whether the solution effectively resolved the issue.
- Standardize successful solutions and establish a system for monitoring to prevent reoccurrence of similar problems.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the groundbreaking inventions in the field of computing. From Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine to the IBM System/360, explore the key milestones that shaped the history of computers. See how this technology has evolved over the decades.
