History of Computers
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Questions and Answers

What was the original name of Google's search engine?

  • BackRub (correct)
  • Googleplex
  • Goggle
  • InfoFinder

    • What does the name 'Google' refer to?

  • A programming language
  • A type of search function
  • A computer algorithm
  • A mathematical term for 1 followed by 100 zeros (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a company or service developed by Google?

  • Facebook (correct)
  • Google Maps
  • Gmail
  • Google Books

    • How frequently has Google been acquiring companies since 2010?

    <p>Once a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Google's estimated worth in 2019?

    <p>$927 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recognized as the first computer programmer?

    <p>Dr. Grace Murray Hopper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Alan Turing's paper on computable numbers demonstrate?

    <p>A machine is capable of solving any problem with programmed instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the ASCC computer built by Howard Aiken?

    <p>To perform gunnery and ballistics calculations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language did Dr. Grace Murray Hopper invent?

    <p>COBOL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant invention did Jack Kilby create in 1959?

    <p>The first integrated circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Howard Aiken's ASCC computer primarily employ to represent data?

    <p>Mechanical relays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What became a significant part of Dr. Grace Hopper’s contributions to computing?

    <p>Creating the term 'debugging'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age did Bill Gates develop an interest in programming?

    <p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original meaning of the term 'computer'?

    <p>A job role for people performing computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mathematician invented logarithms to aid in calculations?

    <p>John Napier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What invention is Blaise Pascal known for?

    <p>The first calculator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Joseph-Marie Jacquard's invention control using punched cards?

    <p>Looms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the calculations performed by early computers?

    <p>Mathematical tables and bomb trajectories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine?

    <p>Charles Babbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abilities did the Stepped Reckoner have?

    <p>Add, subtract, multiply, and divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contribution of Lady Augusta Ada?

    <p>She helped Babbage with his work on computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in creating a document in Word?

    <p>Place the cursor and type some text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab should you select to add a picture to your Word document?

    <p>Insert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you save files to the cloud in Word?

    <p>Select File &gt; Save As</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying styles in a Word document?

    <p>To ensure consistent formatting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions can you perform from the Insert tab?

    <p>Add a chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do first to insert a table in your Word document?

    <p>Select the Insert tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option allows you to further customize your styles if the desired style is not visible?

    <p>Click the More button</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested practice when saving documents meant for work?

    <p>Save them to your company OneDrive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Microsoft Excel?

    <p>To organize data and perform financial analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a cell in Excel?

    <p>The point at which a row and a column intersect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature in Excel provides quick access to commonly used tools?

    <p>Quick Access Toolbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many worksheets are included in a new Excel workbook by default?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is a 'Label' in Excel?

    <p>Alphabetical text that does not contribute to calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Formula Bar in Excel?

    <p>To enter or edit data, formulas, or functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Name Box in Excel display?

    <p>The current active cell's location or name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the active cell in an Excel worksheet?

    <p>Surrounded by a thick border</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Computers

    • The term "computer" originally referred to a job role filled by individuals, often women, performing computations manually.
    • Early calculations were focused on mathematical tables, bomb trajectories, and rocketry.

    Key Figures in the History of Computing

    • John Napier: Invented logarithms, facilitating complex calculations with lookup tables.
    • Blaise Pascal: Created the first calculator in 1645 for tax collection, capable of addition and subtraction through rotating dials.
    • Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz: Invented the "Stepped Reckoner" in 1674, a machine able to add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
    • Joseph-Marie Jacquard: Developed the use of punched cards to control looms, influencing future data processing methods.
    • Charles Babbage: Designed the "Difference Engine" and "Analytical Engine," foundational to modern computers; the Difference Engine was never completely built.
    • Lady Augusta Ada Byron: A mathematician and Babbage's collaborator, recognized as the first computer programmer for her work on algorithms for Babbage’s machines.
    • Alan Turing: Authored "On Computable Numbers," showing machines could process binary data for problem-solving.
    • John Vincent Atanasoff: Created the ABC, the first digital computer, processing data in binary (1s and 0s).
    • Howard Aiken: Developed the ASCC (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator) with IBM, using mechanical relays.
    • Dr. Grace Murray Hopper: Contributed to the ASCC project, invented the COBOL programming language, and coined the term "debugging."
    • Jack Kilby: Invented the first integrated circuit in 1959, making computers smaller and more efficient.
    • Bill Gates: Became interested in programming at a young age, later co-founding Microsoft.
    • Larry Page and Sergey Brin: Created Google, initially a search engine called "BackRub," and transformed it into a tech giant with numerous services and acquisitions.

    Google's Development

    • Google evolved from a small startup to one of the largest companies globally, expanding services like Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Books.
    • Since 2010, Google has been acquiring a company per week, including YouTube and Android.
    • As of 2019, Google's estimated valuation was $927 billion.

    Microsoft Word Features

    • Users can add and format text, insert various elements (pictures, tables, shapes), and save files efficiently to the cloud for collaboration.

    Microsoft Excel Overview

    • Used for organizing data, performing financial analysis, and various business functions like accounting, charting, programming, and task management.
    • Consists of worksheets, each made of rows and columns, with features such as active cells, cell references, and a formula bar for data entry.

    Types of Data in Excel

    • Label: Text descriptions aligned left; non-calculative.
    • Value: Numeric data aligned right; used in calculations.
    • Formula: Equations or expressions that compute values based on data in cells.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the foundational concepts of computers, tracing their historical evolution from human calculators to electronic machines. Key lessons emphasize the significance of early computers and their roles in mathematics. Perfect for those looking to understand the basics of computer history.

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