History of Communication Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a Gramophone?

Mono audio, low resolution home entertainment (correct)

Digital audio player

High definition audio system

Portable speaker

Who created the telegraph that could send coded messages in 1844?

Samuel Morse

What technology did Guglielmo Marconi develop?

Wireless technology

What was Reginald Fessenden known for in 1905?

Broadcasting Christmas music Signup and view all the answers

What was the RCA Radio Monopoly created for?

To make the best radio for war Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about KDKA in Pittsburgh in 1920?

It was the world's first commercial radio station Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the formation of NBC in 1927?

It allowed for the creation of higher quality radio shows Signup and view all the answers

What similarities do radio and television programming share?

Many program genres originated from radio shows Signup and view all the answers

What happened to radio networks after World War II?

They transferred entertainment programming to television Signup and view all the answers

How did Rock n Roll contribute to racial integration?

It garnered white fans via radio, mixing previously segregated concerts Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of Elvis Presley on music?

He sang songs associated with African American artists Signup and view all the answers

What concerns have been raised about music's effects on young people?

The impact of lyrics and themes in songs Signup and view all the answers

What did Dr. Nicholas Negroponte predict about media?

All media would transform from analog to digital Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'long tail' refer to in music distribution?

Artists promote and distribute music directly to users via the internet Signup and view all the answers

What is the current state of Spanish radio in the USA?

Over 500 stations broadcasting in Spanish Signup and view all the answers

What describes political talk radio?

Dominated by conservative commentators Signup and view all the answers

What happened to broadcast ownership in 1996?

It was largely deregulated Signup and view all the answers

What is the future of sound according to advancements like HD radio?

Higher quality sound with less frequency range Signup and view all the answers

What was the trend in the music industry from 2000 to 2016?

The industry was stagnant Signup and view all the answers

Who is Emile Berliner?

Inventor of the process for mass production of recorded music Signup and view all the answers

What is voice tracking in radio?

A method that reduces local DJ jobs Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the top five radio station formats?

Country Signup and view all the answers

What does HD radio do?

Improves sound quality of AM and FM radio Signup and view all the answers

What did the 1915 'Music Box Memo' foresee?

Voice would be the future of radio Signup and view all the answers

When do radio stations typically air their top DJs?

During morning and afternoon drive times Signup and view all the answers

How does AM radio typically report news?

In short minute-long formats Signup and view all the answers

What was Reginald Fessenden's contribution to communications technology?

He broadcast voice and sound over the airwaves Signup and view all the answers

How did popular music contribute to racial integration in the 1950s and 1960s?

White fans began to enjoy jazz and rhythm and blues Signup and view all the answers

What power do podcasters offer their audience?

Listen when and how they want Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inventions and Innovations

Gramaphone: A mono audio system offering low-resolution home entertainment, surpassing Edison's inventions in quality.
Samuel Morse: Invented the telegraph in 1844, enabling long-distance coded message transmission via wires.
Guglielmo Marconi: Developed wireless communication technology in the 1890s, utilizing Heinrich Hertz's discoveries.

Key Historical Figures

Reginald Fessenden (1905): Made the first radio broadcast of Christmas music, assisting in navigation for ships.
Emile Berliner: Innovated mass production of recorded music, transforming Edison’s phonograph into a commercially viable product.

Evolution of Radio

RCA Radio Monopoly: Formed with the US Navy, combining General Electric, AT&T, and Westinghouse to produce superior wartime radios.
KDKA (1920): The first commercial radio station, known for broadcasting U.S. presidential election results; by 1933, two-thirds of American homes owned a radio.

Radio Networks and Programming

Growth of Radio Networks: NBC was established in 1927 to unify affiliate stations, leading to enhanced radio show quality.
Transition from Radio to TV: Many radio genres, including dramas and comedies, transitioned to television, reshaping entertainment.

Impact of Television

Television's Effect on Radio: Post-WWII, major radio networks rerouted entertainment programming to television, diminishing radio's entertainment role.

Cultural Influences

Rock n Roll and Social Integration: Radio exposure helped integrate previously separate audiences, especially through the popularity of jazz and African American genres.
Elvis Presley: Broke racial boundaries by popularizing songs traditionally associated with African American culture, prompting discussions on cultural appropriation.

Music Industry Trends

Effects of Music on Youth: Concerns persist regarding the influence of lyrics, with artists like Marilyn Manson and various rap songs sparking debate.
Digital Music Revolution: Dr. Nicholas Negroponte's vision suggested a complete transition from analog to digital media would occur, influencing music distribution.

Artists and the Internet

Long Tail Theory: The internet enables artists to directly reach audiences and distribute music, diminishing reliance on major record labels, despite their continuing dominance.

Radio Landscape

Spanish Radio in the USA: Features over 500 stations, facing challenges post-2009 recession, presenting diverse formats.
Political Talk Radio: Features conservative commentators, serves as a crucial platform for political discourse.

Changes in Radio Ownership

Radio Consolidation: Ownership deregulation since 1996 saw Clear Channel (now iHeartMedia) expand significantly, raising concerns about uniformity in programming.

Future of Audio

HD Radio: Transforms analog signals to digital, promising better sound quality and efficient use of frequency space.

Music Industry Challenges

Slump from 2000-2016: The music industry stagnated until the rise of streaming services in 2016, which currently generate the majority of revenue.

Radio Operations

Morning and Afternoon Drive Time: Peak listening periods, when top DJs are typically featured to maximize audience engagement.
Radio News Formats: AM radio excels in short, rapid news stories, crucial for immediate disaster coverage.

Contributions to Communications

Reginald Fessenden’s Legacy: Pioneered the ability to broadcast voice and sound over the air, laying foundational principles for modern radio.

Racial Integration Through Music

1950s and 1960s Cultural Shifts: Increased interest in jazz and rhythm and blues among white audiences contributed to greater racial integration in music sphere.

Podcasting Revolution

Podcasters’ Influence: Empower audiences with on-demand listening, catering to niche interests and contributing to long tail programming strategies.

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Description

Explore Chapter 7 with these flashcards focused on key figures and inventions in the history of communication. Learn about the gramophone, Samuel Morse's telegraph, Guglielmo Marconi's wireless technology, and Reginald Fessenden's contributions. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of pivotal technological advancements.