History of Chemistry Chapter 2.1 Flashcards

Which is not one of Dalton's hypotheses of atomic theory?

What law explains the reaction of 4.0 grams of oxygen with 3.0 grams of carbon and another set of 8.0 grams of oxygen with 3 grams of carbon?

How do the masses of reactant gases compare to the products when methane is completely combusted in oxygen?

Cathode rays are composed of what fundamental particle?

What did the cathode ray tube experiment determine?

What did the Millikan oil drop experiment determine?

Which scientist determined the charge of the electron?

Positively charged particles of radiation emitted from the decay of radioactive substances are known as:

What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment determine?

Which scientist developed the nuclear model of the atom?

Atomic Theory and Dalton's Hypotheses

Dalton proposed that atoms of one element are distinct from those of another; atoms of different elements cannot be the same.

Law of Multiple Proportions

In two reactions, 4.0 grams of oxygen with 3.0 grams of carbon forms one compound, while 8.0 grams of oxygen with 3.0 grams of carbon forms another; this illustrates the law of multiple proportions.

Mass Conservation in Reactions

The principle of conservation of mass states that the mass of reactant gases equals the mass of product gases in a chemical reaction.

Cathode Rays and Fundamental Particles

Cathode rays are composed of electrons, fundamental particles identified through early experiments.

Cathode Ray Tube Experiment Findings

The experiment confirmed the existence of electrons, advancing the understanding of atomic structure.

Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

Millikan's experiment measured the charge of the electron, further establishing key properties of this particle.

Charge of the Electron

Robert Millikan determined the charge of the electron through his oil drop experiment, solidifying its known properties.

Types of Radiation

Alpha particles are positively charged radiation emitted during the decay of radioactive materials, distinct from other radiation types.

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

Rutherford's experiment revealed that most of an atom's space is empty, with a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons at its core.

Nuclear Model of the Atom

Ernest Rutherford developed the nuclear model of the atom, revolutionizing the understanding of atomic structure by demonstrating the nucleus's role.

Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts in the history of chemistry with these flashcards based on Chapter 2.1. Learn about Dalton's hypotheses and the law of multiple proportions, among other key ideas. Perfect for anyone studying the evolution of atomic theory in chemistry.