Questions and Answers
Which is not one of Dalton's hypotheses of atomic theory?
What law explains the reaction of 4.0 grams of oxygen with 3.0 grams of carbon and another set of 8.0 grams of oxygen with 3 grams of carbon?
The law of multiple proportions
How do the masses of reactant gases compare to the products when methane is completely combusted in oxygen?
The masses of the reactants and products are equal.
Cathode rays are composed of what fundamental particle?
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What did the cathode ray tube experiment determine?
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What did the Millikan oil drop experiment determine?
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Which scientist determined the charge of the electron?
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Positively charged particles of radiation emitted from the decay of radioactive substances are known as:
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What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment determine?
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Which scientist developed the nuclear model of the atom?
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Study Notes
Atomic Theory and Dalton's Hypotheses
- Dalton proposed that atoms of one element are distinct from those of another; atoms of different elements cannot be the same.
Law of Multiple Proportions
- In two reactions, 4.0 grams of oxygen with 3.0 grams of carbon forms one compound, while 8.0 grams of oxygen with 3.0 grams of carbon forms another; this illustrates the law of multiple proportions.
Mass Conservation in Reactions
- The principle of conservation of mass states that the mass of reactant gases equals the mass of product gases in a chemical reaction.
Cathode Rays and Fundamental Particles
- Cathode rays are composed of electrons, fundamental particles identified through early experiments.
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment Findings
- The experiment confirmed the existence of electrons, advancing the understanding of atomic structure.
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment
- Millikan's experiment measured the charge of the electron, further establishing key properties of this particle.
Charge of the Electron
- Robert Millikan determined the charge of the electron through his oil drop experiment, solidifying its known properties.
Types of Radiation
- Alpha particles are positively charged radiation emitted during the decay of radioactive materials, distinct from other radiation types.
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
- Rutherford's experiment revealed that most of an atom's space is empty, with a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons at its core.
Nuclear Model of the Atom
- Ernest Rutherford developed the nuclear model of the atom, revolutionizing the understanding of atomic structure by demonstrating the nucleus's role.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts in the history of chemistry with these flashcards based on Chapter 2.1. Learn about Dalton's hypotheses and the law of multiple proportions, among other key ideas. Perfect for anyone studying the evolution of atomic theory in chemistry.
