Chemistry Concepts: Conservation and Dalton
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Questions and Answers

What is a core tenet of Dalton's atomic theory concerning the nature of atoms?

  • Atoms can be created and destroyed through chemical reactions.
  • Atoms are divisible into subatomic particles.
  • Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. (correct)
  • Atoms of different elements are chemically identical but differ in mass

    • According to Dalton's atomic theory, how do atoms of the same element compare?

  • Atoms of the same element have the same mass but differ in chemical properties.
  • Atoms of the same element have different masses but similar chemical properties.
  • Atoms of the same element have identical masses and chemical properties. (correct)
  • Atoms of the same element have different masses and different chemical properties.

    • What fundamental law concerning mass is supported by Dalton's theory, which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?

  • The Law of Multiple Proportions.
  • The Law of Partial Pressures.
  • The Law of Conservation of Mass. (correct)
  • The Law of Combining Volumes.

    • Which principle states that a compound has the atoms of its elements present in fixed proportions by mass?

    <p>The Law of Constant Proportions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Dalton's atomic theory, what is the significance regarding compound formation?

    <p>Atoms combine in small whole number ratios to form compounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be a correct conclusion based on the law of constant proportions?

    <p>Water always contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Dalton's work relate to that of other scientists before him?

    <p>Dalton's theory built upon earlier studies of matter and reactions, such as those by Lavoisier. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text represent the current understanding about the the atoms themselves?

    <p>Atoms are made of smaller particles, a concept not known in Dalton's time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is Dalton's Atomic Theory?

    All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.

    What does Dalton's Atomic Theory say about atoms and chemical reactions?

    Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

    What does Dalton's Atomic Theory say about atoms of the same element?

    Atoms of the same element have identical mass and chemical properties.

    What does Dalton's Atomic Theory say about atoms of different elements?

    Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.

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    How do atoms form compounds according to Dalton's Atomic Theory?

    Atoms combine in whole number ratios to form compounds.

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    What does Dalton's Atomic Theory say about the composition of compounds?

    The same number and types of atoms are constant in a compound.

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    What is the law of conservation of mass?

    Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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    What is the law of constant proportions?

    In a chemical compound, the elements are always present in fixed proportions by mass.

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    Study Notes

    Law of Conservation of Mass

    • Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

    Law of Constant Proportions

    • Elements in a compound are always present in definite proportions by mass.
    • For example, in water, the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always 1:8.

    Dalton's Atomic Theory

    • All substances are made of atoms
    • Atoms of the same element are identical.
    • Atoms of different elements have different masses.
    • Atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.
    • In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged, not created or destroyed.

    John Dalton

    • Born 1766 in England.
    • Became a school principal.
    • Taught mathematics, physics, and chemistry.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts in chemistry including the Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Constant Proportions, and Dalton's Atomic Theory. This quiz also touches on the life and contributions of John Dalton, a pivotal figure in atomic theory. Test your understanding of these foundational principles in chemistry!

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